USAID Foreign Assistance Data: The Federal Database Behind $50 Billion in Annual US Foreign Aid

The United States government publishes comprehensive public data on every dollar of US foreign assistance at ForeignAssistance.gov—covering USAID economic development programs, State Department bilateral aid, PEPFAR HIV/AIDS funding, Millennium Challenge Corporation compacts, Peace Corps, and contributions from a dozen other agencies. Approximately $50 to $60 billion in foreign assistance flows annually through this system, making the United States the largest bilateral donor of development and humanitarian aid in the world.

What ForeignAssistance.gov contains

ForeignAssistance.gov launched in 2010 as the primary transparency portal for US foreign assistance spending. It aggregates data from the State Department, USAID, the Millennium Challenge Corporation, the Department of Defense, the Department of Health and Human Services, the Department of Agriculture, and several other agencies that administer components of the foreign aid budget. The site publishes data at the transaction level for some programs and at the aggregate level for others, organized by country, fiscal year, funding agency, implementing mechanism, and sector.

The data covers two conceptually distinct financial flows: obligations—the legal commitment of funds to a program or award—and disbursements—the actual cash transfers made against those obligations. For a typical USAID development program, an obligation is recorded when a cooperative agreement or contract is executed; disbursements follow over the life of the award as the implementing partner draws down funds. The gap between obligations and disbursements is referred to as unliquidated obligations (ULO), and in large infrastructure or health programs it can span multiple fiscal years.

The underlying data source for ForeignAssistance.gov is the Foreign Assistance Coordination and Tracking System (FACTS), which aggregates reporting from agency-level financial systems including USAID's Phoenix financial management system, the State Department's Integrated Logistics Management System, and equivalent counterparts at DOD, HHS, and USDA. FACTS feeds into the public portal with a reporting lag that varies by agency, typically ranging from one to two quarters for obligation data and longer for final disbursement figures.

The legal basis for US foreign assistance programs is the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 USC 2151 et seq.), which consolidated earlier foreign aid legislation and created the statutory framework that governs the vast majority of USAID programming today. The Act established the fundamental programmatic categories of development assistance, humanitarian assistance, and security assistance; authorized the creation of USAID as the primary implementing agency; and imposed the congressional appropriations and notification requirements that structure the foreign aid budget process. Subsequent legislation including the PEPFAR statute (2003), the MCC Act (2003), and the BUILD Act establishing the DFC (2018) expanded the framework without replacing the 1961 Act as the foundational authority.

In addition to ForeignAssistance.gov, USAID maintains the Development Data Library (DDL) at data.usaid.gov, a Socrata-powered open data portal that hosts performance data, evaluation reports, project-level datasets, and geospatial information for USAID-funded programs. The DDL is the primary source for activity-level data—individual projects and implementing partner agreements rather than the aggregate financial flows shown on ForeignAssistance.gov.

Foreign assistance categories

US foreign assistance is organized into six broad programmatic categories under the State Department and USAID joint budget structure. These categories correspond to the congressional appropriation accounts through which funds flow and determine which agency has primary programmatic authority over each portfolio:

The largest single appropriation account by dollar volume is Foreign Military Financing, which provides grants and loans to allied nations for the purchase of US defense equipment and services. FMF is administered by the State Department Bureau of Political-Military Affairs, not USAID, and the funds flow through the Defense Security Cooperation Agency. Israel, Egypt, Jordan, and Taiwan have historically been the largest FMF recipients.

Global Health Programs is the second-largest account. Roughly 70 to 75 percent of GHP funding flows through PEPFAR—the President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief—with the remainder going to maternal and child health, malaria prevention, tuberculosis control, family planning, and nutrition programs. The Global Health Programs account is formally split between USAID-administered funds and State Department-administered PEPFAR funds, though both appear in the ForeignAssistance.gov data under the Global Health category.

The Economic Support Fund is a flexible appropriation that can be used for a wide range of purposes that serve US foreign policy objectives but do not fit neatly into development or security categories. ESF has historically been the primary vehicle for large-scale budget support to strategic partners—cash transfers to the Egyptian and Jordanian governments, for example—and for democracy and governance programming that requires political flexibility the more restrictive Development Assistance account does not permit.

The data pipeline

Understanding the foreign assistance data requires tracing the financial flow from congressional appropriation to implementing partner expenditure through several interconnected reporting systems. The pipeline has four principal stages.

Stage 1—Congressional appropriation. The annual State, Foreign Operations, and Related Programs Appropriations Act provides the legal authority and funding level for each foreign assistance account. Supplemental appropriations—most significantly the Ukraine supplementals of 2022 through 2024 totaling over $110 billion across defense and civilian aid—provide additional authorities outside the regular appropriations cycle. Appropriated funds are available for obligation for one fiscal year for most accounts, two years for some program accounts, or until expended for certain multi-year accounts including MCC compacts.

Stage 2—Obligation by awarding agency. USAID, the State Department, or another awarding agency executes a contract, cooperative agreement, grant, or interagency agreement that creates a legal obligation against the appropriated funds. This obligation event is recorded in the agency financial management system and reported to USASpending.gov under the Digital Accountability and Transparency Act (DATA Act) framework. Foreign assistance obligations flow to USASpending.gov through the same pipeline as domestic federal awards, meaning USAID contracts and grants appear in the USASpending awards database alongside HHS grants and DOD contracts.

Stage 3—Implementing partner drawdowns and reporting.Implementing partners—typically large international development organizations such as Chemonics International, DAI Global, the International Rescue Committee, World Vision, Abt Associates, and Management Sciences for Health, as well as US universities and host-country NGOs—draw down funds against their awards as they incur costs. Partners submit Federal Financial Reports (SF-425 forms) quarterly that capture cumulative expenditures, unliquidated obligations, and program income. These FFR data feed back into the USAID Phoenix system and update the disbursement records in FACTS and ForeignAssistance.gov.

Stage 4—IATI and development data library publication.USAID publishes project-level performance and financial data in IATI format (International Aid Transparency Initiative) through the USAID Development Data Library. IATI is an XML-based open standard for publishing aid information used by most major bilateral donors and multilateral development banks. The IATI registry at iatiregistry.org aggregates US, UK, EU, and multilateral aid data into a single queryable corpus that enables cross-donor analysis not possible from ForeignAssistance.gov alone.

Major recipient countries

US foreign assistance is highly concentrated: the top ten recipient countries typically account for 40 to 50 percent of total annual disbursements. The mix of strategic, humanitarian, and developmental rationales for these allocations reflects decades of foreign policy commitments that have proven politically durable across administrations.

The Ukraine figure is anomalous by historical standards. Prior to 2022, Ukraine received approximately $350 million to $450 million annually in US foreign assistance, primarily through USAID development programs and State Department democracy support. Following the February 2022 Russian invasion, Congress passed four major supplemental appropriations providing over $175 billion in total US government support for Ukraine, of which approximately $110 billion was in security assistance and $65 billion in economic and humanitarian aid. The ForeignAssistance.gov data captures the civilian aid component; defense equipment transfers flow through separate Defense Department reporting channels.

Israel and Egypt's positions near the top of the recipient list reflect commitments formalized in the 1979 Camp David Accords. Israel receives $3.8 billion annually in FMF under the 2016 Memorandum of Understanding that runs through 2028—the largest foreign military financing commitment in US history. Egypt receives $1.3 billion annually in FMF and $125 million in ESF economic assistance under a commitment dating to the Camp David era.

Jordan receives a combination of ESF budget support, FMF for military equipment, and USAID development programs. The budget support component is the largest single element: approximately $1.275 billion annually in direct cash transfers to the Jordanian government treasury to offset its fiscal deficit, reflecting Jordan's strategic importance as a stable partner and its burden of hosting over 700,000 registered Syrian refugees.

PEPFAR and global health

The President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief represents the largest single commitment in the history of global health programming. Established by President George W. Bush under the United States Leadership Against HIV/AIDS, Tuberculosis, and Malaria Act of 2003 (Public Law 108-25), PEPFAR has disbursed more than $110 billion since inception through fiscal year 2024—the largest commitment by any government to address a single disease in history.

Annual PEPFAR funding has remained in the range of $6.5 billion to $7.5 billion since approximately 2015. The program operates through two channels: direct bilateral funding through USAID and the State Department to country-level implementing partners, and contributions to the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria, to which the US contributes approximately $1.56 billion per three-year replenishment cycle. Bilateral PEPFAR programs are administered by the Office of the US Global AIDS Coordinator (OGAC) at the State Department, coordinating implementing activities across USAID, HHS/CDC, DOD, Peace Corps, and other agencies in approximately 55 focus countries.

PEPFAR currently supports antiretroviral treatment (ART) for approximately 20.6 million people globally, representing roughly half of all people on HIV treatment worldwide. Country Operational Plans (COPs), submitted annually by PEPFAR country teams, specify targets and budgets at the implementing partner and program area level; COPs are published on the PEPFAR Data Dashboard at data.pepfar.gov with expenditure and results data by partner, program area, and beneficiary category.

Africa accounts for approximately 87 percent of PEPFAR bilateral funding. South Africa, Nigeria, Tanzania, Kenya, Uganda, Mozambique, Zambia, Zimbabwe, and Malawi are the largest country programs. Sub-Saharan Africa's HIV epidemic accounts for 67 percent of all new infections globally and two-thirds of people living with HIV—concentrations that reflect both the epidemiological burden PEPFAR was designed to address and the legacy of program design decisions in the first decade that focused on the highest-burden countries.

Beyond PEPFAR, USAID's Global Health Bureau administers programs for maternal and child health, malaria (through the President's Malaria Initiative, or PMI, launched in 2005 and funding over $700 million annually), tuberculosis, nutrition, family planning and reproductive health, and pandemic preparedness. The malaria initiative covers insecticide-treated nets, indoor residual spraying, and antimalarial medicines across 25 high-burden countries in sub-Saharan Africa and Southeast Asia.

MCC Millennium Challenge compacts

The Millennium Challenge Corporation is a US government development agency established by the Millennium Challenge Act of 2003. Unlike USAID, which administers a broad portfolio of ongoing programs, the MCC operates through a project-based model: it negotiates fixed-term bilateral compacts with eligible partner countries, funds discrete infrastructure and institutional reform projects, and exits upon compact completion. MCC compacts typically run for five years and average approximately $400 to $600 million in size.

MCC compact eligibility is determined through a publicly available scorecard assessing countries on 20 political, economic, and policy indicators drawn from third-party sources including Freedom House, the World Bank World Governance Indicators, and the IMF Government Finance Statistics. Countries must pass more than half the indicators in three categories (Ruling Justly, Investing in People, and Economic Freedom) and must demonstrate a commitment to reducing poverty through economic growth. The scorecard and eligibility determinations are published annually on the MCC website.

All MCC compacts are preceded by a comprehensive constraints-to-growth analysis conducted jointly by MCC economists and host-country government economists. This analysis identifies the binding constraints on economic growth in the partner country and ensures that compact investments target those constraints rather than predetermined programmatic categories. MCC also requires significant country contribution to compact design through a counterpart entity called the Accountable Entity, which is responsible for managing implementation and procurement.

Compact financial data is reported to ForeignAssistance.gov and USASpending.gov through the same pipeline as other US foreign assistance. MCC awards are distinguishable in the USASpending data by their awarding agency (Millennium Challenge Corporation) and award type. The compact structure means MCC awards appear as large multi-year cooperative agreements with partner country government entities rather than the implementing partner NGO structure common in USAID programming.

ODA classification and OECD DAC

Not all US foreign assistance qualifies as Official Development Assistance under the definition maintained by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development's Development Assistance Committee (OECD DAC). The ODA definition matters because DAC members collectively commit to providing 0.7 percent of gross national income in ODA—a target the United States has never reached, spending approximately 0.22 to 0.25 percent of GNI in DAC-qualifying ODA annually.

The DAC definition of ODA requires that flows: (1) originate from official sector agencies, (2) be administered with the promotion of economic development and welfare of developing countries as the main objective, (3) be concessional in character, and (4) convey a grant element of at least 25 percent calculated at a 10 percent discount rate. This definition explicitly excludes several large categories of US foreign assistance from ODA counting:

Military assistance is excluded from ODA regardless of its relationship to recipient country security or stability. Foreign Military Financing grants to Israel ($3.8B annually) and Egypt ($1.3B annually) do not count as ODA under DAC rules. International Narcotics Control and Law Enforcement funding for police training may qualify in some cases but is subject to classification disputes.

Loans at market rates do not qualify as ODA even if provided to a developing country. US Export-Import Bank financing and Development Finance Corporation equity investments—though related to development objectives—are classified as Other Official Flows (OOF) under DAC rules, not ODA. The DFC manages an investment portfolio of approximately $40 billion in commitments that do not appear in ODA statistics.

Support for upper-middle income countries is excluded from ODA because DAC eligibility is determined by GNI per capita thresholds. Countries that graduate from the DAC list of ODA-eligible recipients (as China did in 2021 based on 2019 GNI data) no longer receive ODA credit for assistance provided to them, even if the programmatic rationale remains developmental.

The practical implication is that reported US “foreign aid” figures in public discourse and congressional budget documents are substantially larger than DAC-reported US ODA figures. Total US foreign assistance flows in ForeignAssistance.gov data typically run $50 to $60 billion annually inclusive of military assistance. DAC-reported US ODA is typically $30 to $35 billion after excluding non-qualifying flows—primarily FMF, INCLE, and Other Official Flows through EXIM and DFC.

The OECD DAC publishes its own aggregate data on US ODA at stats.oecd.org through the Creditor Reporting System (CRS), which covers individual aid activities at the project level with DAC sector codes and purpose codes appended. The CRS enables comparison of US aid flows with those of other major donors (EU, UK, Germany, Japan, France) in a standardized format that is more internationally comparable than the ForeignAssistance.gov sector classification.

Data access and the API

ForeignAssistance.gov exposes a public API at https://foreignassistance.gov/api/ that provides JSON access to the underlying Overseas Loans and Grants database—commonly called the “Greenbook” data, after the print publication USAID formerly produced annually. The API supports filtering by country, fiscal year, funding agency, and sector. All endpoints return paginated JSON with a standard data array and pagination metadata.

The primary endpoint is /api/OverseasLoansGrants.json. Key query parameters include:

The current_amount field in response records represents obligations or disbursements in thousands of US dollars. Multiplying by 1,000 converts to full dollar amounts. The transaction_type_name field distinguishes loan obligations, loan disbursements, grant obligations, and grant disbursements—treating all transaction types as equivalent would misstate the grant-equivalent value of assistance since loans require repayment.

For bulk analysis, ForeignAssistance.gov provides downloadable CSV exports of the complete Greenbook dataset at foreignassistance.gov/data. The full historical dataset covers fiscal years 1946 through the most recent complete year, spanning over 1.2 million records across more than 200 recipient countries and territories. The historical depth makes it possible to construct long time-series of US assistance to particular countries, track the evolution of aid composition from security-dominated Cold War patterns to the development-and-health-dominated post-Cold War portfolio, and analyze how assistance has shifted in response to geopolitical events.

USASpending.gov provides a complementary data source with more granular award-level detail. USAID awards—contracts, grants, cooperative agreements, and interagency agreements—appear in USASpending with implementing partner names, award amounts, performance periods, place of performance, and NAICS or CFDA codes. The USASpending API at api.usaspending.gov/api/v2 supports filtering by awarding agency, award type, fiscal year, and recipient country, enabling analysis of the implementing partner ecosystem that does not appear in ForeignAssistance.gov aggregate data.

Python: querying foreign assistance by country

The following Python script demonstrates four analytical workflows against the ForeignAssistance.gov API and the USASpending.gov API: querying obligations for a specific country and fiscal year, filtering by sector across all countries, cross-referencing with USASpending USAID prime awards, and building a pivot table of obligations by country and sector. Financial amounts from the ForeignAssistance.gov API are in thousands of US dollars and are converted to full dollars in the script. Python f-string expressions referencing the API base URL variable use standard string concatenation to avoid nesting template literals.

import requests
import json
import collections

# ForeignAssistance.gov public API
FA_BASE = "https://foreignassistance.gov/api/"

# USASpending.gov API v2 -- for cross-referencing USAID prime awards
USA_BASE = "https://api.usaspending.gov/api/v2"

# ---------------------------------------------------------------
# 1. Query ForeignAssistance.gov: all US assistance to Ukraine, FY2022
# ---------------------------------------------------------------
def fetch_fa_country(country_code: str, fiscal_year: int) -> list:
    """
    Fetch foreign assistance obligations for one country and fiscal year.
    country_code: ISO-3 alpha code, e.g. 'UKR', 'ISR', 'ETH'
    Returns list of disbursement/obligation records.
    """
    url = `${FA_BASE}OverseasLoansGrants.json`
    params = {
        "country_code": country_code,
        "fiscal_year": str(fiscal_year),
        "format": "json",
    }
    r = requests.get(url, params=params, timeout=60)
    r.raise_for_status()
    return r.json().get("data", [])

ukraine_fy2022 = fetch_fa_country("UKR", 2022)
print(f"Ukraine FY2022 records: {len(ukraine_fy2022):,}")

# Aggregate by funding agency
by_agency = collections.defaultdict(float)
for rec in ukraine_fy2022:
    agency = rec.get("funding_agency_name", "Unknown")
    # obligations in thousands of USD -- convert to dollars
    val = float(rec.get("current_amount", 0) or 0) * 1_000
    by_agency[agency] += val

print("\nTop funding agencies (Ukraine FY2022):")
for agency, total in sorted(by_agency.items(), key=lambda x: -x[1])[:10]:
    print(f"  ${total/1e9:.2f}B  {agency}")

# ---------------------------------------------------------------
# 2. Query by aid sector -- global health spending FY2023
# ---------------------------------------------------------------
def fetch_fa_sector(sector_name: str, fiscal_year: int, per_page: int = 500) -> list:
    """
    Pull all records for a given sector/category across all countries.
    Uses the OverseasLoansGrants endpoint with sector filter.
    """
    url = `${FA_BASE}OverseasLoansGrants.json`
    params = {
        "fiscal_year": str(fiscal_year),
        "sector_name": sector_name,
        "format": "json",
        "per_page": str(per_page),
    }
    r = requests.get(url, params=params, timeout=120)
    r.raise_for_status()
    return r.json().get("data", [])

health_records = fetch_fa_sector("Health", 2023)
print(f"\nHealth sector records FY2023: {len(health_records):,}")

# Aggregate health spending by country
health_by_country = collections.defaultdict(float)
for rec in health_records:
    country = rec.get("country_name", "Unknown")
    val = float(rec.get("current_amount", 0) or 0) * 1_000
    health_by_country[country] += val

print("Top health-sector recipients FY2023:")
for country, total in sorted(health_by_country.items(), key=lambda x: -x[1])[:10]:
    print(f"  ${total/1e9:.2f}B  {country}")

# ---------------------------------------------------------------
# 3. Cross-reference: USASpending USAID prime awards -- large grants
# ---------------------------------------------------------------
def fetch_usaspending_usaid_awards(fiscal_year: int, min_amount: float = 1e7) -> list:
    """
    Query USASpending for USAID prime grants/contracts above a threshold.
    Awarding agency: Agency for International Development
    """
    url = `${USA_BASE}/search/spending_by_award/`
    payload = {
        "filters": {
            "award_type_codes": [
                "A", "B", "C", "D",
                "02", "03", "04", "05", "06", "07", "08", "09", "11",
            ],
            "agencies": [
                {
                    "type": "awarding",
                    "tier": "toptier",
                    "name": "Agency for International Development",
                }
            ],
            "time_period": [
                {
                    "start_date": f"${fiscal_year - 1}-10-01",
                    "end_date": f"${fiscal_year}-09-30",
                }
            ],
            "award_amounts": [{"lower_bound": min_amount}],
        },
        "fields": [
            "Award ID", "Recipient Name", "Award Amount",
            "Award Type", "Description",
        ],
        "sort": "Award Amount",
        "order": "desc",
        "page": 1,
        "limit": 25,
    }
    r = requests.post(url, json=payload, timeout=30)
    r.raise_for_status()
    return r.json().get("results", [])

usaid_large = fetch_usaspending_usaid_awards(2023)
print(f"\nUSAID large awards FY2023 (top 25):")
for award in usaid_large[:10]:
    amt = award.get("Award Amount", 0) or 0
    name = award.get("Recipient Name", "")
    desc = (award.get("Description") or "")[:60]
    print(f"  ${amt/1e6:,.1f}M  {name}  [{desc}]")

# ---------------------------------------------------------------
# 4. Build a pivot: USAID obligations by country and sector, FY2023
# ---------------------------------------------------------------
def build_country_sector_pivot(fiscal_year: int) -> dict:
    """
    Fetch all USAID records for a fiscal year and pivot by country + sector.
    Note: full dataset can be large -- use the bulk CSV download for production.
    """
    url = `${FA_BASE}OverseasLoansGrants.json`
    params = {
        "fiscal_year": str(fiscal_year),
        "funding_agency_name": "U.S. Agency for International Development",
        "format": "json",
        "per_page": "1000",
    }
    r = requests.get(url, params=params, timeout=180)
    r.raise_for_status()
    records = r.json().get("data", [])

    pivot = collections.defaultdict(lambda: collections.defaultdict(float))
    for rec in records:
        country = rec.get("country_name", "Unknown")
        sector = rec.get("sector_name", "Unknown")
        val = float(rec.get("current_amount", 0) or 0) * 1_000
        pivot[country][sector] += val

    return pivot

pivot = build_country_sector_pivot(2023)
top_countries = sorted(pivot.keys(), key=lambda c: -sum(pivot[c].values()))[:10]

print("\nUSAID FY2023 -- top 10 countries by total obligation:")
for country in top_countries:
    total = sum(pivot[country].values())
    top_sector = max(pivot[country], key=pivot[country].get)
    print(f"  ${total/1e9:.2f}B  {country}  (largest sector: {top_sector})")

print("\nDone.")

The pivot table output surfaces patterns not visible in the aggregate ForeignAssistance.gov country views: Nigeria's USAID obligation is disproportionately concentrated in health (PEPFAR) relative to governance or economic development; Jordan's ESF budget support appears as a single large obligation to the Jordanian government rather than distributed across implementing partners; and Ukraine's FY2022 and FY2023 profiles look nothing like a typical development-focused country program, with massive commodity import financing and budget support obligations dwarfing the pre-existing USAID governance and health programs.

Limitations and analytical caveats

Several significant limitations affect the reliability and completeness of ForeignAssistance.gov data for analytical purposes.

Reporting lags. Obligation data typically appears in ForeignAssistance.gov one to two quarters after the end of the reporting period. Disbursement data lags further, sometimes by a full year for programs where implementing partners are slow to submit Federal Financial Reports. Users comparing ForeignAssistance.gov data to congressional budget documents or OMB Apportionment data for the same fiscal year will frequently encounter apparent discrepancies that reflect reporting timing rather than actual differences in program scope.

Tied aid and procurement distortions. A substantial portion of US foreign assistance is “tied”—legally required to be procured from US-based suppliers or implemented by US organizations. USAID has historically applied a Buy American preference for commodity aid (food assistance under PL-480 and Food for Peace must be sourced from US agricultural producers and shipped on US-flag vessels where available). PEPFAR has at times applied requirements that generic antiretrovirals be sourced from FDA-approved manufacturers rather than WHO-prequalified generic suppliers, increasing program costs. The OECD DAC estimates that tied aid increases the cost of development programs by 15 to 30 percent relative to untied procurement from competitive global suppliers, meaning nominal obligation figures overstate the development impact of tied assistance.

Off-budget flows. ForeignAssistance.gov does not capture all US government activities that affect the development trajectories of recipient countries. Defense Department security cooperation programs administered through Sections 333 and 1206 of the National Defense Authorization Act, intelligence community programs with foreign partners, and Export-Import Bank financing for commercial transactions all have development implications but do not appear in the ForeignAssistance.gov data. The US International Development Finance Corporation (DFC) investment portfolio of approximately $40 billion in commitments operates on a returns-based model and appears in OOF rather than ODA accounting.

Multi-country and regional programs. Some USAID programs are structured as global or regional awards without a single country designation. Global health supply chain programs, regional food security initiatives, and multi-country environmental programs may appear in the ForeignAssistance.gov data as global or regional allocations rather than country-specific obligations, understating the flows to particular recipient countries. USASpending award data for these programs lists the prime awardee location rather than the beneficiary country.

ODA income threshold distortions. DAC ODA eligibility thresholds create cliff effects in reporting. When a country crosses the high-income threshold and is removed from the DAC recipient list, ongoing US programs continue but are reclassified from ODA to OOF for DAC reporting purposes, creating apparent drops in ODA that do not reflect actual reductions in assistance. China's 2021 graduation from the DAC list removed approximately $60 million in annual US ODA-eligible flows from the DAC statistics without any change in actual programming.

DOGE-era program disruptions. Beginning in early 2025, the Department of Government Efficiency initiative resulted in significant disruption to US foreign assistance programs. USAID experienced mass staff reductions, implementing partner stop-work orders, and the cancellation of hundreds of awards across more than 80 countries. The agency was subsequently consolidated into the State Department under an executive reorganization. The ForeignAssistance.gov data for fiscal years 2025 and 2026 reflects substantial downward revisions to obligation levels across development, democracy, and health program accounts. Analysts using ForeignAssistance.gov data for trend analysis should treat the FY2025 break as a structural discontinuity in US foreign assistance policy rather than a temporary fluctuation—the implementing partner ecosystem that delivered these programs has been significantly disrupted and cannot be rapidly reconstituted even if funding is restored.

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