AI Analytics

Published evidence atlas. 14 exact institutional actions are searchable. Every claim stays attached to its source, procedural posture, date, and non-inference boundary.

U.S. brokerage, MLS, and settlement-service institutions

The closing table, opened.

A receipt-first atlas of the institutions, rules, access points, referral incentives, and transaction costs that shape a U.S. home sale.

The project starts with the strongest record: an exact legal entity, an exact action identifier, the final instrument, its admission status, its current effect, and a boundary beside every claim. Complaints and correlations do not get promoted into findings.

14

exact institutional actions

14

action-local institution records

93

pinned official sources

12

mapped evidence lanes

Where the system touches a sale

01 · live

List

Who controls the listing agreement, service bundle, and seller-side fee?

02 · live

Distribute

Which MLS rules determine access, visibility, data feeds, and cooperation?

03 · queued

Represent

How are buyer agreements, compensation, and property recommendations structured?

04 · live

Refer

What incentives connect brokerage, mortgage, title, insurance, and closing services?

05 · live

Close

Which fees reach the closing statement, and which public data can measure them?

“Live,” “queued,” and “gap” describe this atlas's evidence coverage—not whether a practice exists, is lawful, or is common.

Official aggregate dataset · Texas Department of Insurance

Texas title-agent economics · 2015–2024

Ten annual snapshots show the money and volume TDI reports across the title and closing system—without publishing raw people or institution rows.

Scope: title insurance, escrow, and closing only. This is not Realtor commission, brokerage, MLS, listing, referral, or property-transaction data.

measurements
4,447
annual snapshots
10
metrics per category
64
reporting categories
3

2024 report-snapshot title premiums

$2,135,506,064

2024 report-snapshot retained title premiums

$1,814,624,484

2024 report-snapshot policies issued

3,341,964

2024 report-snapshot net income / loss

$474,843,450

Earlier CALL_YEAR rows retained inside later report snapshots

Report snapshotSource CALL_YEARForm L rows
2018201741
202220181
202220214
202420232

These rows remain in the report snapshot where TDI published them. CALL_YEAR premium subtotals are deliberately not exported because the earlier-year groups have fewer than three contributors supplying nonzero numeric premiums and a displayed subtotal could expose a small group by subtraction. The rows are not silently reassigned, deduplicated, or labeled corrections, and their presence does not establish an error or misconduct.

2024 arithmetic check

Form L all-row sum
$2,134,362,406
minus printed summary
$2,135,506,064
equals difference
-$1,143,658

What this does not mean

The difference does not establish missing money, concealment, underreporting, misconduct, or a legal violation by TDI or by this atlas.

The Form L total includes every numeric premium row, including rows without a usable county label. It is not the sum of the county measurements shown in the download.

Independent Agents, Affiliated Agents, and Direct Operations are TDI reporting categories. They do not prove ownership, a current relationship, an enforcement finding, or wrongdoing.

Privacy boundary: raw people, institution names, Firm IDs, contacts, street addresses, counterparties, and payees from the source workbooks are omitted.

Official national aggregates · U.S. Census Bureau

National real-estate service economics

Compare employer-industry scale, firm concentration, size bands, and product or service revenue for real-estate brokerages and title settlement offices.

Two industries only: NAICS 531210, Offices of Real Estate Agents and Brokers; and NAICS 541191, Title Abstract and Settlement Offices. Every row is a national aggregate. No firm, office, person, property, or transaction is identified.

measurements
1,288
exact source rows
222
industry codes
2
non-total product rows
77

Read this before comparing numbers

This is an employer-establishment universe. It excludes nonemployers outside the source universe, including many independent workers. Revenue is reported in thousands of dollars. It is not home-sale value, a commission pool, profit, consumer price, or the amount paid by one buyer or seller.

The 2017/2022 comparison uses a 2017 NAICS basis. The 2022 size, concentration, and product tables use 2022 NAICS. Those classifications stay separate.

2017 and 2022 employer-industry scale

IndustryYearFirmsEstablishmentsRevenue ($1,000s)Annual payroll ($1,000s)Employees
NAICS 531210Offices of real estate agents and brokers20172017 NAICS106,579121,906112,933,78420,430,877329,556
NAICS 531210Offices of real estate agents and brokers20222017 NAICS150,558165,413179,408,32931,444,553441,369
NAICS 541191Title abstract and settlement offices20172017 NAICS6,8419,4619,545,4233,400,06363,618
NAICS 541191Title abstract and settlement offices20222017 NAICS6,7909,82412,539,8414,787,49481,332

2022 largest-firm share of national industry revenue

IndustryTop 4Top 8Top 20Top 50HHI
NAICS 531210Offices of real estate agents and brokers11.8%18.3%26.7%31.6%54.3
NAICS 541191Title abstract and settlement offices14.9%21.1%30.4%38.8%D · Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual companies

HHI is the source-reported sum of squared firm revenue shares on a scale approaching 0 to 10,000. A withheld HHI stays null. These national aggregates do not define a legal relevant market or prove monopoly power, collusion, price fixing, illegal conduct, consumer harm, or conduct by any firm.

Detailed size and structure records

129 source rows cover establishment and firm employment size, establishment and firm revenue size, legal form, and single-unit or multiunit structure.

They remain in the measurement download for exact analysis. Categories from different size views are separate breakdowns and must not be added together.

No firm identity is published

A band reports an aggregate count or amount. It supplies no company name, office identity, ranking, or accusation and does not identify a specific firm.

Browser-searchable NAPCS product and service ledger

What these industries report selling

All 77 non-total rows are printed below, so browser Find can search every label and code. The two source total rows remain in the API for reconciliation. Parent, child, and total product codes overlap. Never add this table into an industry total.

IndustryProduct or serviceEstablishmentsRevenue ($1,000s)Industry revenue shareLine revenue shareIndustry establishment shareRevenue CVRevenue imputation band
NAICS 531210Offices of real estate agents and brokersAgent and brokerage services for the rental of landNAPCS 70082000061,954228,5120.1%10%1.2%30.1%7 · 70 percent to less than 80 percent imputed
NAICS 531210Offices of real estate agents and brokersAgent and brokerage services for the rental of nonresidential real estateNAPCS 700730000621,49011,015,4886.1%42%13%3.6%5 · 50 percent to less than 60 percent imputed
NAICS 531210Offices of real estate agents and brokersAgent and brokerage services for the rental of residential real estateNAPCS 700025000635,3627,274,1584.1%18%21.4%3.2%3 · 30 percent to less than 40 percent imputed
NAICS 531210Offices of real estate agents and brokersAgent and brokerage services for the sale and rental of landNAPCS 700820000030,6324,240,6602.4%14%18.5%6.2%4 · 40 percent to less than 50 percent imputed
NAICS 531210Offices of real estate agents and brokersAgent and brokerage services for the sale and rental of nonresidential real estateNAPCS 700730000045,76237,509,90520.9%63%27.7%2.1%4 · 40 percent to less than 50 percent imputed
NAICS 531210Offices of real estate agents and brokersAgent and brokerage services for the sale and rental of residential real estate, including online residential intermediary servicesNAPCS 7000250000131,495130,691,18672.8%94%79.5%0.8%3 · 30 percent to less than 40 percent imputed
NAICS 531210Offices of real estate agents and brokersAgent and brokerage services for the sale of landNAPCS 700820000330,1794,012,1482.2%13%18.2%6.6%4 · 40 percent to less than 50 percent imputed
NAICS 531210Offices of real estate agents and brokersAgent and brokerage services for the sale of nonresidential real estateNAPCS 700730000339,15926,494,41714.8%50%23.7%2.8%3 · 30 percent to less than 40 percent imputed
NAICS 531210Offices of real estate agents and brokersAgent and brokerage services for the sale of residential real estateNAPCS 7000250003126,759123,417,02868.8%91%76.6%0.9%3 · 30 percent to less than 40 percent imputed
NAICS 531210Offices of real estate agents and brokersAll other products and services, not elsewhere classifiedNAPCS 9000000000833169,7980.1%9%0.5%14.3%4 · 40 percent to less than 50 percent imputed
NAICS 531210Offices of real estate agents and brokersCounseling and information services for the general populationNAPCS 700501800018D · Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual companiesD · Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual companiesD · Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual companies0% · ZD · Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual companiesD · Imputation range withheld to avoid disclosure
NAICS 531210Offices of real estate agents and brokersFinancial management consulting and implementation services for businesses and governmentNAPCS 7014575000S · Estimate did not meet Census publication standardsA · Estimate has relative standard error of 100 percent or more and is not published as an observed value0% · Z21%0% · ZS · Estimate did not meet Census publication standardsS · Imputation range did not meet publication standards
NAICS 531210Offices of real estate agents and brokersGeneral accounting servicesNAPCS 701645000039D · Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual companiesD · Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual companiesD · Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual companies0% · ZD · Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual companiesD · Imputation range withheld to avoid disclosure
NAICS 531210Offices of real estate agents and brokersHome, apartment, rooming house, and other residential space rental and leasingNAPCS 70002750002,516114,3180.1%4%1.5%11.1%3 · 30 percent to less than 40 percent imputed
NAICS 531210Offices of real estate agents and brokersHousehold moving servicesNAPCS 7000450000D · Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual companies23,138 · s0% · ZD · Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual companiesD · Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual companies67.5%2 · 20 percent to less than 30 percent imputed
NAICS 531210Offices of real estate agents and brokersInsurance brokerage and agency servicesNAPCS 700556000043829,4570% · Z6%0.3%29.6%2 · 20 percent to less than 30 percent imputed
NAICS 531210Offices of real estate agents and brokersInterior decorating servicesNAPCS 700063000039A · Estimate has relative standard error of 100 percent or more and is not published as an observed value0% · Z40%0% · ZS · Estimate did not meet Census publication standardsS · Imputation range did not meet publication standards
NAICS 531210Offices of real estate agents and brokersLand property managementNAPCS 700855000980139,574 · s0% · Z4%0.5%56.3%5 · 50 percent to less than 60 percent imputed
NAICS 531210Offices of real estate agents and brokersLoans to non-financial businessesNAPCS 8000100000S · Estimate did not meet Census publication standardsD · Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual companiesD · Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual companiesD · Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual companies0% · ZD · Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual companiesD · Imputation range withheld to avoid disclosure
NAICS 531210Offices of real estate agents and brokersMarketing research servicesNAPCS 70128500002,39141,7660% · Z3%1.4%18.5%4 · 40 percent to less than 50 percent imputed
NAICS 531210Offices of real estate agents and brokersNonresidential building property managementNAPCS 70085500065,2151,579,2300.9%18%3.2%7%5 · 50 percent to less than 60 percent imputed
NAICS 531210Offices of real estate agents and brokersOther advertising space, time, and similar servicesNAPCS 7012410000D · Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual companiesD · Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual companiesD · Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual companiesD · Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual companiesD · Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual companiesD · Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual companiesD · Imputation range withheld to avoid disclosure
NAICS 531210Offices of real estate agents and brokersOther membership (including religious congregation) servicesNAPCS 70050240001515,039 · s0% · Z31%0% · Z63.9%7 · 70 percent to less than 80 percent imputed
NAICS 531210Offices of real estate agents and brokersOther miscellaneous services, not elsewhere classifiedNAPCS 70174250001312,361 · s0% · Z7%0% · Z73.5%7 · 70 percent to less than 80 percent imputed
NAICS 531210Offices of real estate agents and brokersPersonal financial planning and investment management servicesNAPCS 7005450000107760% · Z2%0% · Z16.1%0 · Less than 10 percent imputed
NAICS 531210Offices of real estate agents and brokersProperty management servicesNAPCS 700855000010,7062,511,3941.4%16%6.5%5%5 · 50 percent to less than 60 percent imputed
NAICS 531210Offices of real estate agents and brokersReal estate appraisal servicesNAPCS 70082500001,39089,8640.1%7%0.8%18.6%3 · 30 percent to less than 40 percent imputed
NAICS 531210Offices of real estate agents and brokersReal estate consulting servicesNAPCS 70082250005,3331,193,3040.7%12%3.2%5.6%3 · 30 percent to less than 40 percent imputed
NAICS 531210Offices of real estate agents and brokersReal estate listing servicesNAPCS 700827500010,5521,979,0991.1%26%6.4%8.7%4 · 40 percent to less than 50 percent imputed
NAICS 531210Offices of real estate agents and brokersRental and leasing of commercial spaceNAPCS 70063750004,533317,7620.2%5%2.7%10.1%5 · 50 percent to less than 60 percent imputed
NAICS 531210Offices of real estate agents and brokersRental and leasing of industrial and manufacturing spaceNAPCS 70064000001,844151,8420.1%8%1.1%22.5%5 · 50 percent to less than 60 percent imputed
NAICS 531210Offices of real estate agents and brokersRental and leasing of office and professional spaceNAPCS 70063250003,721183,6430.1%4%2.2%11.2%4 · 40 percent to less than 50 percent imputed
NAICS 531210Offices of real estate agents and brokersRental of mini-warehouses and self-storage units spaceNAPCS 700645000037128 · s0% · Z2%0% · Z85.9%1 · 10 percent to less than 20 percent imputed
NAICS 531210Offices of real estate agents and brokersResidential building property managementNAPCS 70085500036,375892,5900.5%10%3.9%7%4 · 40 percent to less than 50 percent imputed
NAICS 531210Offices of real estate agents and brokersResidential interior cleaning servicesNAPCS 7000475000S · Estimate did not meet Census publication standardsA · Estimate has relative standard error of 100 percent or more and is not published as an observed value0% · Z39%0% · ZS · Estimate did not meet Census publication standardsS · Imputation range did not meet publication standards
NAICS 531210Offices of real estate agents and brokersResidential mortgage loansNAPCS 700030000012330,8310% · Z4%0.1%25.2%3 · 30 percent to less than 40 percent imputed
NAICS 531210Offices of real estate agents and brokersRetail sales of office and school supplies, packaging and packing materials and supplies, and other general industry and miscellaneous materials and suppliesNAPCS 5001935000S · Estimate did not meet Census publication standardsA · Estimate has relative standard error of 100 percent or more and is not published as an observed value0% · Z0% · Z0% · ZS · Estimate did not meet Census publication standardsS · Imputation range did not meet publication standards
NAICS 531210Offices of real estate agents and brokersRoom or unit accommodation for travelersNAPCS 700382500021039,0880% · Z15%0.1%9.8%1 · 10 percent to less than 20 percent imputed
NAICS 531210Offices of real estate agents and brokersRural real estate appraisal servicesNAPCS 700825000683135,6120% · Z5%0.5%17.1%4 · 40 percent to less than 50 percent imputed
NAICS 531210Offices of real estate agents and brokersSales agent services for advertising space and timeNAPCS 7012525000S · Estimate did not meet Census publication standardsD · Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual companiesD · Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual companiesD · Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual companies0% · ZD · Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual companiesD · Imputation range withheld to avoid disclosure
NAICS 531210Offices of real estate agents and brokersUrban real estate appraisal servicesNAPCS 700825000387154,2520% · Z5%0.5%26.2%3 · 30 percent to less than 40 percent imputed
NAICS 541191Title abstract and settlement officesAll other products and services, not elsewhere classifiedNAPCS 900000000027D · Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual companiesD · Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual companiesD · Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual companies0.3%D · Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual companiesD · Imputation range withheld to avoid disclosure
NAICS 541191Title abstract and settlement officesArbitration and mediation services, except environmentalNAPCS 700620000034A · Estimate has relative standard error of 100 percent or more and is not published as an observed value0% · ZS · Estimate did not meet Census publication standards0.3%S · Estimate did not meet Census publication standardsS · Imputation range did not meet publication standards
NAICS 541191Title abstract and settlement officesArbitration and mediation services, except international commercialNAPCS 7006200006S · Estimate did not meet Census publication standardsA · Estimate has relative standard error of 100 percent or more and is not published as an observed value0% · Z0% · Z0.1%S · Estimate did not meet Census publication standardsS · Imputation range did not meet publication standards
NAICS 541191Title abstract and settlement officesArbitration and mediation services, international commercialNAPCS 700620000330A · Estimate has relative standard error of 100 percent or more and is not published as an observed value0% · ZS · Estimate did not meet Census publication standards0.3%S · Estimate did not meet Census publication standardsS · Imputation range did not meet publication standards
NAICS 541191Title abstract and settlement officesDocument filing and search services, not elsewhere classifiedNAPCS 70059500091,291121,6491%9%13.1%11.1%4 · 40 percent to less than 50 percent imputed
NAICS 541191Title abstract and settlement officesEnvironmental litigation support servicesNAPCS 70061200004D · Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual companiesD · Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual companiesD · Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual companies0% · ZD · Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual companiesD · Imputation range withheld to avoid disclosure
NAICS 541191Title abstract and settlement officesInsurance brokerage and agency servicesNAPCS 700556000073D · Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual companiesD · Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual companiesD · Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual companies0.7%D · Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual companiesD · Imputation range withheld to avoid disclosure
NAICS 541191Title abstract and settlement officesIntegrated surveying and mapping services, except geophysicalNAPCS 7008100000D · Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual companies4 · s0% · ZD · Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual companiesD · Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual companies80%9 · 90 percent to 100 percent imputed
NAICS 541191Title abstract and settlement officesLegal and patent document filing and search servicesNAPCS 70059500008,92311,115,76788.6%96%90.8%1.2%4 · 40 percent to less than 50 percent imputed
NAICS 541191Title abstract and settlement officesLegal expert witness services and other legal consulting servicesNAPCS 7005900000466,946 · s0.1%22%0.5%65.9%2 · 20 percent to less than 30 percent imputed
NAICS 541191Title abstract and settlement officesLegal services, bankruptcy lawNAPCS 70057000031327,2420.1%6%1.3%31%4 · 40 percent to less than 50 percent imputed
NAICS 541191Title abstract and settlement officesLegal services, business and commercial lawNAPCS 700570000043666,9520.5%18%4.4%15.4%3 · 30 percent to less than 40 percent imputed
NAICS 541191Title abstract and settlement officesLegal services, business and commercial law, not elsewhere classifiedNAPCS 700570001236155,5900.4%19%3.7%16.2%3 · 30 percent to less than 40 percent imputed
NAICS 541191Title abstract and settlement officesLegal services, civil negligence lawNAPCS 700575000013936,9600.3%36%1.4%24.6%2 · 20 percent to less than 30 percent imputed
NAICS 541191Title abstract and settlement officesLegal services, criminal lawNAPCS 70056800001077,479 · s0.1%8%1.1%52.1%0 · Less than 10 percent imputed
NAICS 541191Title abstract and settlement officesLegal services, environmental lawNAPCS 700585000324A · Estimate has relative standard error of 100 percent or more and is not published as an observed value0% · Z0% · Z0.2%S · Estimate did not meet Census publication standardsS · Imputation range did not meet publication standards
NAICS 541191Title abstract and settlement officesLegal services, family lawNAPCS 700569000017610,5980.1%8%1.8%23.8%1 · 10 percent to less than 20 percent imputed
NAICS 541191Title abstract and settlement officesLegal services, health care lawNAPCS 7005850009285,9130% · Z19%0.3%32.4%2 · 20 percent to less than 30 percent imputed
NAICS 541191Title abstract and settlement officesLegal services, intellectual property lawNAPCS 7005700006872,104 · s0% · Z5%0.9%40.2%1 · 10 percent to less than 20 percent imputed
NAICS 541191Title abstract and settlement officesLegal services, labor and employment lawNAPCS 70058000005617,6760.1%23%0.6%31.9%1 · 10 percent to less than 20 percent imputed
NAICS 541191Title abstract and settlement officesLegal services, other civil lawNAPCS 700585000011717,369 · s0.1%18%1.2%47.6%2 · 20 percent to less than 30 percent imputed
NAICS 541191Title abstract and settlement officesLegal services, other non-criminal law, not elsewhere classifiedNAPCS 7005850012929,951 · s0.1%17%0.9%65%5 · 50 percent to less than 60 percent imputed
NAICS 541191Title abstract and settlement officesLegal services, public and International lawNAPCS 700585000619A · Estimate has relative standard error of 100 percent or more and is not published as an observed value0% · Z7%0.2%S · Estimate did not meet Census publication standardsS · Imputation range did not meet publication standards
NAICS 541191Title abstract and settlement officesLegal services, real estate lawNAPCS 70056950001,6601,040,0028.3%62%16.9%8.9%3 · 30 percent to less than 40 percent imputed
NAICS 541191Title abstract and settlement officesLegal services, taxation lawNAPCS 7005700009742,016 · s0% · Z3%0.8%49.6%2 · 20 percent to less than 30 percent imputed
NAICS 541191Title abstract and settlement officesLegal services, wills, estates and trustsNAPCS 7005685000D · Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual companies79,0320.6%D · Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual companiesD · Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual companies15.5%3 · 30 percent to less than 40 percent imputed
NAICS 541191Title abstract and settlement officesNotarization and certification servicesNAPCS 700625000051231,6720.3%6%5.2%14.2%4 · 40 percent to less than 50 percent imputed
NAICS 541191Title abstract and settlement officesOther legal support services, not elsewhere classifiedNAPCS 700615000016739,3030.3%20%1.7%27.5%1 · 10 percent to less than 20 percent imputed
NAICS 541191Title abstract and settlement officesPatent, trademark, copyright, and other intellectual property document filing and search servicesNAPCS 70059500061714,7230% · Z3%1.7%32.7%1 · 10 percent to less than 20 percent imputed
NAICS 541191Title abstract and settlement officesProcess server servicesNAPCS 700600000018690 · s0% · Z7%0.2%52.3%2 · 20 percent to less than 30 percent imputed
NAICS 541191Title abstract and settlement officesRental and leasing of office and professional spaceNAPCS 70063250006222 · s0% · Z2%0.1%54.4%6 · 60 percent to less than 70 percent imputed
NAICS 541191Title abstract and settlement officesSeizure and execution servicesNAPCS 70055700003D · Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual companiesD · Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual companiesD · Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual companies0% · ZD · Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual companiesD · Imputation range withheld to avoid disclosure
NAICS 541191Title abstract and settlement officesTitle, abstract, and settlement servicesNAPCS 70059500038,92310,989,39587.6%95%90.8%1.2%5 · 50 percent to less than 60 percent imputed
NAICS 541191Title abstract and settlement officesTrust servicesNAPCS 70055440006A · Estimate has relative standard error of 100 percent or more and is not published as an observed value0% · Z7%0.1%S · Estimate did not meet Census publication standardsS · Imputation range did not meet publication standards
NAICS 541191Title abstract and settlement officesUnderwriting services for product liability insurance policiesNAPCS 70055530008A · Estimate has relative standard error of 100 percent or more and is not published as an observed value0% · Z22%0.1%S · Estimate did not meet Census publication standardsS · Imputation range did not meet publication standards
NAICS 541191Title abstract and settlement officesUnderwriting services for title insurance policiesNAPCS 70084000006629,8250.2%34%0.7%29.2%5 · 50 percent to less than 60 percent imputed

Source flags stay attached

D withheld · S failed publication standards · A very high relative standard error · X not applicable · N unavailable or not comparable · Z positive but rounded to zero.

Census lowercase employment-range flags are retained with null values and the exact range in each record. Lowercase s marks a published value with relative standard error above 40%. An imputation code is a source range, not an exact percentage. Withheld or failed values remain null, never zero.

Found 14 matching records across 14 exact institution-level actions. Loaded details for 14 of 14 selected.

Action ledger

Referral incentive · 2023-CFPB-0009

Realty Connect USA Long Island, Inc.

Real-estate brokerage · exact named party · reviewed 2026-08-22

The CFPB issued a final consent order containing agency findings that the exact brokerage respondent accepted things of value from a mortgage company as part of referral relationships in violation of RESPA Section 8(a). The order imposed conduct provisions and ordered a $200,000 civil money penalty. The respondent consented without admitting or denying the findings or conclusions except for jurisdiction.

Instrument
Final consent order
Merits basis
Agency findings
Admission
Jurisdiction only
Effect
Effective on the face of the reviewed instrument

Exact entity

I1 named party

Action ID

2023-CFPB-0009

Official posture

Adverse official findings

Adjudicated adverse

No · consent or non-adjudicated posture

Ordered monetary component

$200,000 ordered; not represented as paid

What the receipt supports

The CFPB's order found that the respondent accepted subscription access, events, and monthly marketing-services payments under an agreement or understanding to refer federally related mortgage-loan business, in violation of RESPA Section 8(a) and Regulation X.

The CFPB's final consent order found · Consent Order paragraphs 4-22

The CFPB's order found that the respondent received $6,000 per month from January 2017 through at least December 2022, totaling $432,000, and failed to perform multiple marketing tasks required by the agreement.

The CFPB's final consent order found · Consent Order paragraphs 14-21

The respondent consented to the final order without admitting or denying the findings of fact or conclusions of law, except for facts necessary to establish the Bureau's jurisdiction and the subject matter of the action.

The order's incorporated stipulation states · Consent Order paragraph 2

What it does not establish

  • An admission by the respondent; the stipulation says the findings and conclusions were neither admitted nor denied except for jurisdiction.
  • Conduct by any affiliate, individual agent, broker, employee, owner, or similarly named organization.
  • Current conduct after the order's stated relevant period, present compliance, payment or collection of the penalty, consumer loss, or market-wide prevalence.
  • That any payment, referral, marketing-services agreement, event, subscription, or commission is unlawful without the exact elements and findings in a controlling record.
  • That the $432,000 was a civil penalty, consumer loss, restitution, profit, or amount reported paid to the government.
  • That all marketing-services agreements or referral relationships are unlawful.
  • An admission, current conduct, or conduct by any person or entity beyond the exact respondent.
  • That the order lacks legal force or that the Bureau did not make findings.
  • An exoneration, a merits adjudication after a contested hearing, or an admission of the Bureau's findings.
Receipt, dates, and official sources
Conduct period in the reviewed record
2017-01-01 to 2023-08-17
The order defines the relevant period as January 1, 2017 through its effective date, August 17, 2023.
Complaint / filing date
2023-08-17
Decision / disposition date
2023-08-17
Effective date
2023-08-17
Current-effect boundary
Paragraphs 54-55 state that the order was effective when issued and define a conditional termination formula. The official CFPB docket reviewed on 2026-08-22 lists only Documents 001 and 002. This supports an effective-on-face-of-instrument classification, not proof that the order remains unmodified or effective today.
Current-effect review date
2026-08-22
Termination date / earliest conditional date
2028-08-17
Relationship boundary
The action is attributed only to the exact respondent named in the order. The order defines Respondent to include its successors and assigns for the instrument's operative scope; that definition does not establish separate conduct or findings by an unnamed successor or assign. No finding is propagated to affiliated brands, agents, brokers, employees, owners, or unrelated entities with similar names.

MLS access rule · 05 C 5140

NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS®

Trade association · exact named party · reviewed 2026-08-23

The United States filed a civil complaint alleging that historical VOW and MLS policies restrained competition. The district court entered a final judgment by consent on November 18, 2008, without trial or adjudication of any fact and without an admission of the allegations, liability, or wrongdoing. The judgment imposed VOW and MLS policy repeal, replacement, data-access, notice, and compliance obligations and states that it expired ten years after entry, on November 18, 2018.

Instrument
Final consent judgment
Merits basis
Allegations only · No merits resolution · No liability finding
Admission
No admission
Effect
Expired

Exact entity

I1 named party

Action ID

05 C 5140

Related: 1:05-cv-05140

Official posture

No adverse finding classified

Adjudicated adverse

No · consent or non-adjudicated posture

Monetary remedy

None stated in the reviewed final instrument.

What the receipt supports

The United States' amended complaint alleged that the Initial and Modified VOW Policies restrained competition from Internet-based brokerage models and unreasonably restrained competition in residential brokerage-service markets under Section 1 of the Sherman Act.

The United States alleged in its amended complaint · Amended Complaint paragraphs 1-8, 13-14, and 44-46

The court-entered judgment states that it was entered by consent before testimony, without trial or adjudication of any issue of fact, without constituting evidence or an admission, and that the defendant did not admit the amended-complaint allegations, liability, or wrongdoing.

The court-entered final judgment states · Document 248, pages 1-2 recitals and preamble, and page 12 section XI

The entered judgment prohibited NAR from adopting, maintaining, or enforcing specified rules that impeded or unreasonably disadvantaged VOW delivery of listing information, referrals, or data access and imposed conditions on VOW-related fees.

The entered judgment required · Document 248, pages 5-6, section IV

The entered judgment required NAR to repeal the ILD Policy, direct repeal of rules implementing the ILD and VOW Policies, adopt the Modified VOW Policy, direct covered institutions to adopt implementing rules, and perform notice, compliance, and reporting steps.

The entered judgment required · Document 248, pages 6-9, section V

Exhibit A to the entered judgment states that an MLS, if requested by an MLS Participant, shall provide basic downloading of non-confidential listing data to the Participant's or its VOW provider's server on a persistent basis; it also states that the policy does not require publicly accessible listing sites.

Exhibit A to the entered judgment states · Document 248, page 18, Exhibit A section III.1-4

DOJ's Competitive Impact Statement reported that the parties reached a settlement on May 27, 2008, before the scheduled trial, and described the proposed relief as replacing the challenged policies with a Modified VOW Policy and related nondiscrimination provisions.

DOJ's Competitive Impact Statement reported · Competitive Impact Statement pages 3-4 and 16-21, sections I and III

Section X of the entered judgment states that it shall expire ten years from the date of entry; based on the November 18, 2008 entry date, its facial term ended November 18, 2018.

The entered judgment states · Document 248, page 11, section X; page 12 entry date

The DOJ case index identifies United States v. National Association of Realtors and lists a Final Judgment dated November 18, 2008, along with the amended complaint and Competitive Impact Statement used in this receipt.

The official DOJ case index records · Case name, case document list, and final-judgment entry reviewed August 23, 2026

What it does not establish

  • A court finding, admission, adjudicated liability, or proof that any allegation was true; the later judgment expressly states the opposite procedural posture.
  • Current policy, current conduct, current market power, current commission rates, consumer loss, damages, or overcharge.
  • Conduct or liability by Covered Entities, multiple listing services, boards, brokerages, members, REALTORS, agents, employees, affiliates, successors, or any person.
  • An exoneration, a trial result, a finding that the allegations were true, or an admission of fact, liability, or wrongdoing.
  • A merits adjudication arising from section XI's public-interest determination; that section approved entry of the consent judgment, not a trial finding, liability adjudication, or admission.
  • That the judgment lacked legal force while effective or that its obligations were optional.
  • Any proposition about current conduct, current policies, current compliance, or a separate institution or person.
  • That the cited prohibitions remain effective after the judgment's facial expiration on November 18, 2018.
  • A requirement to expose MLS records as public data, open data, a public API, or unrestricted access; the judgment addresses bounded VOW delivery of listing information under its own definitions.
  • A finding that any current rule, policy, fee, data practice, commission arrangement, or market structure is unlawful.
  • Separate conduct, findings, admissions, or liability by any Covered Entity, multiple listing service, board, brokerage, member, REALTOR, agent, employee, affiliate, successor, or person.
  • That every required step occurred, when a particular implementation occurred, or the compliance status of any institution.
  • A separate action record, finding, admission, or liability for any Covered Entity, multiple listing service, board, brokerage, member, REALTOR, agent, employee, affiliate, successor, or person.
  • Any current NAR policy, present MLS data-access condition, commission rate, nationwide market effect, or present legal conclusion.
  • Public data, open data, a public API, unrestricted access, or a requirement to expose listing information to people outside the policy's participant and VOW framework.
  • That any download occurred, that any institution complied, or that any particular data field was available in practice.
  • A present access right or current policy after the judgment's facial expiration, or any current conduct, implementation, compliance, or later action.
  • Separate conduct, findings, admissions, or liability by any MLS, Covered Entity, board, brokerage, member, REALTOR, agent, employee, affiliate, successor, or person.
  • A trial result, admission, liability finding, damages award, or proof of the complaint's allegations.
  • That the proposed instrument was effective before the court entered Document 248 on November 18, 2008.
  • Current policy, current conduct, current market conditions, or a legal conclusion about a separate entity or person.
  • That any obligation in this ended instrument remains effective after November 18, 2018.
  • Present policy, conduct, compliance, market power, corporate continuity, or the absence of a separate later action.
  • The appeal status of the judgment; the reviewed DOJ index did not identify an appellate disposition.
  • That the index is a complete appellate docket or proves the absence of an appeal or later proceeding.
  • A merits finding, admission, current legal effect, current conduct, or current compliance.
Receipt, dates, and official sources
Conduct period in the reviewed record
2003 to end not fixed
The judgment defines the challenged VOW Policy as adopted on or about May 17, 2003. The amended complaint describes a later modified policy, and the entered judgment required repeal and replacement steps after entry. The reviewed sources do not establish an exact final date of challenged conduct or prove completion of those steps.
Complaint / filing date
2005-09-08
Decision / disposition date
2008-11-18
Effective date
2008-11-18
Current-effect boundary
Document 248 was entered on November 18, 2008, and section X states that the judgment shall expire ten years from entry. The expired classification follows the instrument's facial term ending November 18, 2018; it does not establish present policy, conduct, compliance, organizational continuity, or the absence of any separate later action.
Current-effect review date
2026-08-23
Termination date / earliest conditional date
2018-11-18
Relationship boundary
The action is attributed only to the exact defendant named in Civil Action 05 C 5140. The judgment's operative definitions and applicability provisions do not create separate action records, findings, or admissions for Covered Entities, multiple listing services, boards, brokerages, members, REALTORS, agents, employees, affiliates, successors, or any person. The action-local identity is not merged with any present-day institution or similarly named entity without a separate official identifier receipt.

Other documented mechanism · 1:20-cv-03356-TJK

NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS®

Trade association · exact named party · reviewed 2026-08-23

The United States filed a civil complaint on November 19, 2020 alleging that identified commission-disclosure, free-service, listing-filter, and lockbox-access rules or practices restrained competition. The court entered a temporary stipulation on November 20, 2020 while a proposed final judgment remained subject to review. On July 1, 2021, DOJ withdrew consent to the proposed judgment and voluntarily dismissed the complaint without prejudice. The reviewed record contains no merits judgment, liability finding, admission of the complaint allegations, or monetary award. Dismissal without prejudice is neither a merits finding nor exoneration.

Instrument
Dismissal
Merits basis
Allegations only · No merits resolution · No liability finding
Admission
Not addressed
Effect
Terminated

Exact entity

I1 named party

Action ID

1:20-cv-03356-TJK

Related: 1:20-cv-03356

Official posture

No adverse finding classified

Adjudicated adverse

No · consent or non-adjudicated posture

Monetary remedy

None stated in the reviewed final instrument.

What the receipt supports

The United States alleged that identified commission-disclosure, free-service, commission-filter, and lockbox-access rules, policies, or practices restrained competition in residential brokerage services.

The United States alleged in its complaint · Document 1, paragraphs 1-3 and 13-29

The court-entered stipulation required the exact defendant to comply temporarily with the proposed final judgment while entry remained pending and gave DOJ enforcement powers during that interim period.

The entered stipulation states · Document 5, paragraphs 2-3 and entered-order page

DOJ filed notice that it was withdrawing consent to entry of the proposed final judgment under paragraph 2 of the entered stipulation.

DOJ's filed withdrawal notice states · Document 14, pages 1-2

The United States filed a Rule 41 notice voluntarily dismissing the action without prejudice after the defendant had not served an answer or summary-judgment motion.

DOJ's filed dismissal notice states · Document 15, page 1

What it does not establish

  • A court finding, admission, adjudicated liability, or proof that any alleged rule, practice, effect, price, steering claim, market statement, or harm statement was true.
  • Current rules, present conduct, current commission rates, current market power, consumer loss, damages, or overcharge.
  • Conduct, findings, admissions, or liability by member boards, multiple listing services, associations, brokerages, brokers, agents, affiliates, successors, or people.
  • That the proposed final judgment was entered, that its proposed terms remain effective, or that any required implementation step occurred.
  • An admission of the complaint allegations, a liability finding, a trial result, a monetary award, or an adjudication that the complaint allegations were true or false.
  • Current policy, present conduct, present compliance, or any obligation of a separate institution or person.
  • A finding that the complaint allegations were true or false, an admission, liability, exoneration, or a ruling on the lawfulness of any rule or practice.
  • That a proposed settlement has the same legal status as an entered final judgment.
  • The merits, outcome, or current status of any separate investigation, Civil Investigative Demand, appeal, or lawsuit.
  • Exoneration, vindication, a defense judgment, a finding that the complaint lacked merit, or proof that any allegation was true or false.
  • An admission, liability finding, monetary award, permanent injunction, or final consent judgment.
  • Present conduct, current rules, current compliance, or the merits or outcome of a separate later investigation or case.
Receipt, dates, and official sources
Conduct period in the reviewed record
Start not fixed to end not fixed
The complaint describes rules, policies, and practices in its 2020 pleading but does not establish exact adoption, enforcement, or cessation dates. The complaint was dismissed without prejudice before a merits adjudication, so no alleged conduct period is promoted into a finding.
Complaint / filing date
2020-11-19
Decision / disposition date
2021-07-01
Effective date
2021-07-01
Document 15 was filed July 1, 2021 and notices dismissal without a court order under Rule 41(a)(1)(A)(i). The same document expressly says the dismissal is without prejudice. This date is not treated as a merits decision or exoneration.
Current-effect boundary
The entered stipulation made its interim obligations releasable upon withdrawal or voluntary dismissal. DOJ withdrew consent and filed a voluntary dismissal without prejudice on July 1, 2021. Terminated describes only that stipulation and action; it does not establish present policy, conduct, compliance, legality, exoneration, or the status of any separate investigation or case.
Current-effect review date
2026-08-23
Termination date / earliest conditional date
2021-07-01
Relationship boundary
The action is attributed only to the exact defendant named in Case No. 1:20-cv-03356-TJK. The action-local identity is separate from the 2005 DOJ action record and is not merged with a present-day institution without a stable official identifier receipt. Complaint allegations, temporary stipulation terms, and procedural disposition do not create action records, findings, admissions, or liability for associations, multiple listing services, member boards, brokerages, brokers, agents, affiliates, successors, or people.

MLS access rule · 9:07-CV-3435-SB

MULTIPLE LISTING SERVICE OF HILTON HEAD ISLAND, INC.

Multiple listing service · exact named party · reviewed 2026-08-23

The United States filed a complaint whose ECF header shows October 16, 2007, alleging that historical MLS membership and brokerage-service rules restrained competition in the Hilton Head area; the judgment recites October 17, preserving a one-day official-source discrepancy. On May 28, 2008, the district court entered a consent final judgment without trial or adjudication of any issue of fact or law. It states that it shall not be evidence against or an admission by any party regarding any issue of fact or law. It imposed equitable rule, access, membership, notice, and compliance provisions and states that it would expire ten years after entry; its facial term ended May 28, 2018.

Instrument
Final consent judgment
Merits basis
Allegations only · No merits resolution · No liability finding
Admission
No admission
Effect
Expired

Exact entity

I1 named party

Action ID

9:07-CV-3435-SB

Related: 9:07-cv-03435-SB

Official posture

No adverse finding classified

Adjudicated adverse

No · consent or non-adjudicated posture

Monetary remedy

None stated in the reviewed final instrument.

What the receipt supports

The United States alleged that the exact defendant's historical membership, service, compensation-guideline, office-location, ownership-change, and Internet-business rules or authorizations restrained competition and limited price and service choices in the Hilton Head area.

The United States alleged in its complaint · ECF Entry 1, paragraphs 1-5 and 21-36

The complaint's ECF header identifies Entry 1 in case 9:07-cv-03435-SB and states Date Filed 10/16/2007.

The complaint's ECF filing header records · ECF Entry 1 header on pages 1-12

The entered final judgment's first recital says the United States filed its complaint on October 17, 2007, one day later than the October 16 date in Entry 1's ECF header.

The entered final judgment recites · ECF Entry 16, page 1 first recital

DOJ's Competitive Impact Statement attributed the challenged conduct to complaint allegations and described a proposed judgment that would rescind specified rules and restrict future exclusionary membership, service, compensation, ownership, and location rules.

DOJ's Competitive Impact Statement stated and attributed to the complaint · ECF Entry 3, pages 1-10, sections I-III

The entered judgment states that it was entered by consent before testimony, without trial or adjudication of any issue of fact or law, and that it shall not be evidence against or an admission by any party regarding any issue of fact or law.

The court-entered final judgment states · ECF Entry 16, pages 1-2 preamble

The entered judgment enjoined and required the exact defendant to change specified membership, service, compensation-guideline, agreement, ownership-change, residence, office-location, and listing rules, and imposed bounded notice and compliance provisions.

The entered final judgment required · ECF Entry 16, pages 6-13, sections III-VII

Section IX of the entered judgment states that it will expire ten years from entry; based on Entry 16's May 28, 2008 filing and entry date, the facial term ended May 28, 2018, while section VIII had permitted modification or extension by the court.

The entered final judgment states · ECF Entry 16, pages 14-15, sections VIII-IX and entry stamp

What it does not establish

  • A court finding, admission, adjudicated liability, or proof that any allegation, price statement, market statement, harm statement, or correlation was true.
  • Current rules, current policy, current conduct, current market power, current commission levels, damages, consumer loss, or overcharge.
  • Conduct, findings, admissions, or liability by members, brokerages, brokers, licensees, officers, managers, committees, employees, affiliates, successors, assigns, or any person.
  • That the later October 17 recital in the entered judgment is identical to the ECF filing date; the two official instruments differ by one day.
  • A merits finding, admission, liability conclusion, current effect, or proven conduct period.
  • Which external event caused the one-day difference, or that either instrument may be silently rewritten to match the other.
  • A separate action, merits finding, admission, liability conclusion, or conduct date.
  • A court finding, trial result, admission, liability determination, or proof that the statement's market, price, harm, or competition descriptions were true.
  • That the proposed judgment was an entered final instrument before May 28, 2008.
  • Present policy, conduct, market conditions, access rights, compensation levels, or compliance.
  • An exoneration, a finding that the allegations were true or false, a trial result, adjudicated liability, or an admission of fact or law.
  • That the judgment lacked legal force during its facial term or that its operative obligations were optional.
  • Any proposition about current conduct, current rules, current compliance, a separate institution, or any person.
  • That any required amendment, notice, acceptance, access, or other implementation step occurred, when it occurred, or that compliance was completed.
  • Public data, open data, a public API, unrestricted MLS access, or a present access right after the judgment's facial term.
  • Separate conduct, findings, admissions, obligations, or liability for members, brokerages, brokers, licensees, officers, managers, committees, employees, affiliates, successors, assigns, or any person.
  • A finding about current rules, policy, conduct, compensation, market power, consumer loss, damages, or overcharge.
  • That the full PACER docket contains no modification, extension, enforcement, appeal, or other later action; it was not reviewed.
  • That reviewed DOJ or GovInfo search silence proves no later action existed.
  • Present entity status, policy, conduct, compliance, market conditions, or legal effect of a separate instrument.
Receipt, dates, and official sources
Conduct period in the reviewed record
Start not fixed to end not fixed
The complaint alleged that identified rules and practices were then in force, but the three reviewed instruments do not identify an exact adoption or enforcement start date or a proven completion date. Entry 1's ECF header says filed October 16, 2007; Entry 16 later recites October 17, 2007, and that one-day official-source discrepancy is preserved rather than silently resolved.
Complaint / filing date
2007-10-16
Decision / disposition date
2008-05-28
Effective date
2008-05-28
The signed judgment is ECF Entry 16, stamped filed on May 28, 2008, and its fixed ten-year duration runs from the date of entry. This date is not used as proof that any required implementation step later occurred.
Current-effect boundary
ECF Entry 16 was filed and entered May 28, 2008, and section IX gives the judgment a facial ten-year term ending May 28, 2018. A bounded review of the three DOJ PDFs and GovInfo search surfaces identified no later action, but the full PACER docket was not reviewed; that gap is not proof of no modification or extension. Expired describes only the instrument's facial term, not present entity status, policy, conduct, compliance, or market conditions.
Current-effect review date
2026-08-23
Termination date / earliest conditional date
2018-05-28
Relationship boundary
The action is attributed only to the exact defendant named in Civil Action 9:07-CV-3435-SB. The judgment's definitions and applicability provisions do not create separate action records, findings, admissions, or liability for members, brokerages, brokers, licensees, officers, managers, committees, employees, affiliates, successors, assigns, or any person. The action-local identity is not merged with any present-day institution or similarly named entity without a separate official identifier receipt.

Escrow-rate coordination · CIV 80-769 PHX CAM

TITLE INSURANCE RATING BUREAU OF ARIZONA, INC.

Rating organization · exact named party · reviewed 2026-08-23

After cross-motions for summary judgment, a federal district court entered a judgment stating that the exact defendant and co-conspirators had engaged in the charged unlawful combination and conspiracy in unreasonable restraint of interstate commerce, violating Section 1 of the Sherman Act. The operative provisions addressed historical collective escrow-service rate setting. DOJ later reported appellate affirmance, the Supreme Court denied certiorari, and the judgment expired on its face on December 21, 1991.

Instrument
Court order or judgment
Merits basis
Court findings
Admission
Not addressed
Effect
Expired

Exact entity

I1 named party

Action ID

CIV 80-769 PHX CAM

Related: CIV. 80-769-PHX-EHC · 700 F.2d 1247 · 83-154 · 467 U.S. 1240

Official posture

Adverse official findings

Adjudicated adverse

Yes

Monetary remedy

None stated in the reviewed final instrument.

What the receipt supports

The district court's entered judgment states that the defendant and co-conspirators engaged in the unlawful combination and conspiracy charged in the complaint, in unreasonable restraint of interstate commerce in violation of Section 1 of the Sherman Act.

The district court's entered judgment states · Entered judgment pages 3-4, section I

The final judgment recites that the court granted the United States' summary-judgment motion and denied the defendant's cross-motion on June 23, 1981.

The final judgment recites · Entered judgment page 1

Sections IV and V of the judgment enjoined the exact defendant from specified collective escrow-rate agreements, communications, discussions, and filings, and required withdrawal, cancellation, or rescission of identified escrow-rate filings and related rules or policies.

The entered judgment ordered · Entered judgment pages 6-7, sections IV-V

The Department of Justice's 1983 annual report states that the court of appeals affirmed a judgment against a title-insurance rating bureau that fixed prices of escrow services, and cites 700 F.2d 1247.

The Department of Justice's annual report states · Annual report printed pages 118 and 121, note 8

The Supreme Court's June 11, 1984 U.S. Reports entry records certiorari denied in Title Insurance Rating Bureau of Arizona, Inc. v. United States, docket 83-154, reported below at 700 F.2d 1247.

The official U.S. Reports entry records · U.S. Reports PDF page 40, 467 U.S. 1240

Section IX states that the final judgment shall remain in effect for ten years following its entry; using the December 21, 1981 entry date, its facial term ended December 21, 1991.

The entered judgment states · Entered judgment pages 1 and 10, section IX

What it does not establish

  • An admission by the defendant; the entered judgment records a court finding and does not state an admission.
  • A separate finding against any unnamed co-conspirator, member, subscriber, title insurer, agent, person, successor, affiliate, or present-day entity.
  • Current conduct, current market conditions, present corporate status, criminal liability, fraud, damages, or a consumer-loss amount.
  • An admission, consent resolution, jury verdict, criminal judgment, or separate finding about a person or other institution.
  • That every allegation, requested remedy, dollar figure, or temporal assertion in the complaint was independently adjudicated.
  • That any particular filing was withdrawn, that compliance occurred, that noncompliance occurred, or that a later enforcement action existed.
  • A monetary award, consumer refund, current rate, current rule, current violation, or present restriction.
  • Separate liability or obligations for a member, subscriber, title insurer, agent, officer, employee, successor, assign, or person.
  • The appellate court's complete reasoning, an exact appellate docket number, mandate date, or the absence of any other post-judgment filing.
  • Current conduct, current legal effect, present corporate status, a monetary award, or a finding against a separate institution or person.
  • A Supreme Court merits ruling, adoption of the lower courts' reasoning, or a new finding of liability.
  • Current conduct, current judgment effect, present corporate status, or the absence of a separate later action.
  • Present corporate status, current policy, current conduct, compliance, noncompliance, or successor liability.
  • That a bounded official-source search is a complete district-court docket or proves no modification, enforcement, or separate later action existed.
Receipt, dates, and official sources
Conduct period in the reviewed record
November 1977 to end not fixed
The complaint alleged that the challenged combination began in November 1977 and continued through the September 23, 1980 filing. The judgment adjudged the charged conspiracy but the reviewed sources do not establish an exact final conduct date or continuation after filing.
Complaint / filing date
1980-09-23
Decision / disposition date
1981-12-21
Effective date
1981-12-21
Current-effect boundary
Entered judgment page 1 records filing and entry on December 21, 1981, and page 10 section IX fixes a ten-year term, producing a facial end date of December 21, 1991. A bounded official-source review did not locate a complete later docket; that gap is not proof no modification or enforcement record existed. Expired describes this instrument's face only.
Current-effect review date
2026-08-23
Termination date / earliest conditional date
1991-12-21
Relationship boundary
The action is attributed only to the exact defendant named in Civil Action CIV 80-769 PHX CAM. References to co-conspirators, members, subscribers, title insurers, agents, officers, directors, employees, successors, assigns, or other persons do not create separate action records or findings against them. The action-local name is not merged with a present-day institution, successor, affiliate, member, or similarly named entity without a separate official identifier receipt.

Listing visibility restriction · 9320

REALCOMP II, LTD.

Multiple listing service · exact named party · reviewed 2026-08-23

After a contested administrative adjudication, the FTC Commission reversed and vacated an administrative-law-judge dismissal and entered a cease-and-desist order containing findings that historical Realcomp listing policies unreasonably restrained competition in southeastern Michigan. The Sixth Circuit denied review of the Website Policy ruling. The order states that it terminated on October 30, 2019.

Instrument
Agency opinion and order
Merits basis
Agency findings · Court findings
Admission
Not addressed
Effect
Terminated

Exact entity

I1 named party

Action ID

9320

Related: 061 0088 · 09-4596 · 11-16

Official posture

Adverse official findings

Adjudicated adverse

Yes

Monetary remedy

None stated in the reviewed final instrument.

What the receipt supports

The FTC Commission found that Realcomp's historical Website Policy, Search Function Policy, and Minimum Service Requirement unreasonably restrained competition in residential real-estate brokerage services in southeastern Michigan and violated Section 5 of the FTC Act.

The FTC Commission's contested-adjudication opinion found · Commission Opinion pages 1-3, 8-10, and 47-48

The Sixth Circuit concluded that substantial evidence supported the Commission's findings concerning Realcomp's Website Policy and denied Realcomp's petition for review.

The Sixth Circuit held · Sixth Circuit opinion pages 1-2 and 27

The FTC denied Realcomp's motion for a partial stay pending appeal on January 7, 2010; the stay order states that the final order was served on November 9, 2009 and took effect on the sixtieth day after service.

The FTC's stay-denial order states · Stay-denial order pages 1-2 and 5

The FTC final order required nondiscriminatory treatment of lawful listings, rule amendments, notices, and compliance reports, and states that the order shall terminate on October 30, 2019.

The FTC final order states · Final Order pages 4-6, sections II-VII

The Supreme Court's October 11, 2011 order list places Realcomp II, Ltd. v. FTC, docket 11-16, under certiorari denied.

The Supreme Court order list records · October 11, 2011 order list page 4, docket 11-16

What it does not establish

  • Current policy, current conduct, current market power, current noncompliance, or current order effect.
  • Fraud, criminal conduct, nationwide conduct, or unlawful market control beyond the Commission's exact historical findings.
  • Conduct or liability by any trade association, owner association, member, broker, agent, affiliate, successor, or similarly named entity.
  • An independent appellate adjudication of every policy discussed in the FTC opinion; Realcomp petitioned only as to the Website Policy.
  • Current conduct, current market conditions, nationwide effects, or conduct by a separate institution or natural person.
  • That the later denial of certiorari was a Supreme Court merits ruling.
  • A separate violation, monetary remedy, admission, or finding about conduct after the administrative record.
  • That a stay denial alone adjudicates the merits of a later appeal.
  • That the order is currently effective or that the institution is currently bound by it.
  • A monetary penalty, payment, consumer-relief amount, current violation, or present compliance status.
  • Current corporate status, footprint, policies, fees, ownership, membership, or affiliations.
  • A Supreme Court merits ruling, adoption of the lower court's reasoning, or a new finding of liability.
  • Any current conduct, current order effect, or proposition beyond the procedural disposition.
Receipt, dates, and official sources
Conduct period in the reviewed record
2001 to end not fixed
The Commission opinion states that the policies began in 2001, that two policies ended in April 2007, and that the Website Policy remained in place in the reviewed record. The sources do not fix an exact final conduct date.
Complaint / filing date
2006-10-10
Decision / disposition date
2009-10-30
Effective date
2010-01-08
Current-effect boundary
Final Order section VII states a fixed termination date of October 30, 2019. The terminated classification records the effect on the face of that instrument and does not establish present corporate status, policy, conduct, compliance, or absence of a separate later action.
Current-effect review date
2026-08-23
Termination date / earliest conditional date
2019-10-30
Relationship boundary
The action is attributed only to the exact respondent named in FTC Docket 9320. The order's operative definition of Respondent does not establish separate conduct or findings by any owner, affiliate, successor, association, member, broker, or agent. The action-local identity is not merged with any present-day institution, trade association, or similarly named entity without a separate official identifier receipt.

Listing visibility restriction · 9321

MIREALSOURCE, INC.

Multiple listing service · exact named party · reviewed 2026-08-23

The FTC issued a complaint alleging that historical MLS rules restricted certain listing contracts and their treatment on the MLS and public websites. The respondent's answer denied the core charges, and the consent admitted jurisdictional facts only, not a law violation or non-jurisdictional allegations. The final consent order imposed conduct, rule-amendment, notice, and reporting provisions and states that it terminated on March 20, 2017.

Instrument
Final consent order
Merits basis
Allegations only · No merits resolution · No liability finding
Admission
Jurisdiction only
Effect
Terminated

Exact entity

I1 named party

Action ID

9321

Related: 0610266

Official posture

No adverse finding classified

Adjudicated adverse

No · consent or non-adjudicated posture

Monetary remedy

None stated in the reviewed final instrument.

What the receipt supports

The FTC's complaint alleged that, beginning in 2003, MiRealSource adopted rules concerning Exclusive Agency Listings, listing-broker services, physical offices, website transmission, and seller advertising. It further alleged that, as of September 2006, MiRealSource actively enforced the Exclusion, Listing Broker, Web Site, and FSBO Policies and that the challenged rules and practices restrained competition in residential real-estate brokerage services.

The FTC's complaint alleged · Complaint pages 1 and 3-7, paragraphs 13-32

The filed answer denied the complaint's core restraint, relevant-market, market-power, consumer-injury, and Section 5 allegations while admitting or qualifying selected action-local facts about certain historical rules and their operation.

The respondent's filed answer states · Answer pages 1-8, responses to complaint paragraphs 7-32

The consent agreement states that the respondent admitted jurisdictional facts, while the agreement was for settlement purposes only and did not admit that the law was violated or that non-jurisdictional complaint allegations were true.

The FTC consent agreement states · Consent agreement pages 1-2, paragraphs 2, 3, and 6

The final order required the respondent to cease specified restrictions involving Exclusive Agency or other lawful listings, to avoid less advantageous MLS treatment based on listing type, and to amend rules, provide notice, and file compliance reports.

The FTC final Decision and Order required · Final Decision and Order pages 4-6, sections II-VI

The final Decision and Order is marked issued March 20, 2007, directs its core prohibition to apply forthwith, and states that the order shall terminate on March 20, 2017.

The FTC final Decision and Order states · Final Decision and Order pages 4 and 6, sections II and VII; issue line

The consent agreement states that the Decision and Order becomes final upon service and that delivery by specified means constitutes service; the reviewed public agreement PDF has unfilled signature-date blanks and does not contain a separately dated service receipt.

The FTC consent agreement states · Consent agreement pages 1-3, paragraphs 7-9 and signature blocks

What it does not establish

  • A final agency merits finding, adjudicated liability, or an admission that the competitive, purpose, effect, market, or consumer-injury allegations were true.
  • Current policy, current conduct, present market power, present listing treatment, current commission rates, consumer loss, damages, or overcharge.
  • Conduct or liability by any shareholder, member, broker, agent, affiliate, successor, website, trade association, or person.
  • That the complaint allegations were true or false, that every historical fact was admitted or denied, or that any pleaded defense prevailed.
  • A law violation, exoneration, dismissal, adjudicated liability, damages, or proof of current policy or conduct.
  • Conduct, knowledge, intent, liability, or status of any institution or person other than the exact action-local respondent.
  • An admission of a law violation, non-jurisdictional fact, competitive effect, market power, liability, damages, or wrongdoing.
  • An exoneration or finding that the complaint allegations were false; the matter ended by consent without a final merits determination.
  • Any current conduct, present policy, current compliance, or proposition about a separate institution or person.
  • That the ended provisions remain effective after March 20, 2017 or that any present policy or practice is unlawful.
  • Completion of any required step, current compliance, monetary relief, public data rights, unrestricted listing access, or a public API.
  • Separate conduct or liability by any shareholder, member, broker, agent, affiliate, successor, website, trade association, or person.
  • That the March 20 issue date is an exact service or effective date; finality upon service is stated in the separate consent agreement.
  • That any order provision remains effective after the fixed termination date or that any present institution is bound by this historical order.
  • Current entity status, policy, conduct, compliance, market power, or the absence of a separate later enforcement, modification, or other proceeding.
  • An exact service date, exact effective date, or exact consent-signing date; the March 20 order issue date is not substituted for service.
  • That the agreement PDF is a complete service, enforcement, modification, compliance, appellate, or corporate-status docket.
  • Proof that no later proceeding existed, a merits finding, an admission beyond jurisdictional facts, current order effect, or present conduct.
Receipt, dates, and official sources
Conduct period in the reviewed record
2003 to end not fixed
The complaint alleges a series of policies beginning in 2003 and alleges active enforcement of four specified policies as of September 2006. The exact end is not established in the reviewed sources; the consent disposition did not adjudicate an exact conduct start or end date.
Complaint / filing date
2006-10-10
Decision / disposition date
2007-03-20
Effective date
Not identified in reviewed sources
The final Decision and Order is marked ISSUED March 20, 2007, and directs the core prohibition to apply forthwith, but the consent agreement says the order becomes final upon service. The five reviewed stable FTC PDFs do not include a separately dated service receipt, so the issue date is not substituted for an exact service or effective date.
Current-effect boundary
Section VII fixes termination on March 20, 2017. The five reviewed stable FTC PDFs do not include a separate later modification, enforcement, or termination instrument; that bounded source set is not proof that none existed. The terminated classification follows only the face of the order and establishes no present entity status, policy, conduct, compliance, market power, or absence of a separate later action.
Current-effect review date
2026-08-23
Termination date / earliest conditional date
2017-03-20
Relationship boundary
The action is attributed only to the exact respondent named in FTC Docket 9321. The order's operative definition of Respondent does not establish separate conduct, findings, admissions, or liability for any board, predecessor, successor, subsidiary, affiliate, shareholder, member, broker, agent, website, representative, or person. The action-local legal name is not merged with a present-day institution, website, trade association, or similarly named entity without a separate official identifier receipt.

Listing visibility restriction · C-4175

NORTHERN NEW ENGLAND REAL ESTATE NETWORK, INC.

Multiple listing service · exact named party · reviewed 2026-08-23

The FTC issued a complaint alleging that a historical MLS website policy restricted the public display of Exclusive Agency Listings and harmed competition and consumer choice. The consent admitted jurisdictional facts only, not a law violation or the truth of non-jurisdictional allegations. The final consent order imposed listing-treatment, rule-amendment, notice, and reporting provisions and states that it terminated on November 22, 2016.

Instrument
Final consent order
Merits basis
Allegations only · No merits resolution · No liability finding
Admission
Jurisdiction only
Effect
Terminated

Exact entity

I1 named party

Action ID

C-4175

Related: 051 0065

Official posture

No adverse finding classified

Adjudicated adverse

No · consent or non-adjudicated posture

Monetary remedy

None stated in the reviewed final instrument.

What the receipt supports

The FTC's final complaint alleged that a Web Site Policy implemented in 2005 prevented Exclusive Agency Listings from being published on approved websites and that the challenged policy restrained competition and may have reduced consumer choice.

The FTC's final complaint alleged · Final complaint pages 1 and 3-5, paragraphs 11-30

The FTC's final complaint states that NNEREN adopted the Web Site Policy in April 2005, implemented it in May 2005, rescinded it on November 9, 2005, and issued participant notices on November 10, November 13, and November 21, 2005.

The FTC's final complaint states · Final complaint page 3, paragraph 11

The FTC's shared five-respondent analysis states that the proposed consent orders were placed on the public record for comment and that the Commission would later decide whether to withdraw or make them final; it also states that the analysis was not an official interpretation and did not modify the proposed instruments.

The FTC's shared public-comment analysis states · Shared analysis page 1, opening paragraphs and respondent list

The consent agreement states that the respondent admitted the draft complaint's jurisdictional facts, while the agreement was for settlement purposes only and did not admit that the law was violated or that non-jurisdictional complaint allegations were true.

The FTC consent agreement states · Consent agreement pages 1-2, paragraphs 2 and 5

The final order required the respondent to cease specified restrictions on participants' use of Exclusive Agency or other lawful listings, to avoid less advantageous MLS treatment based on listing type, and to amend rules, give notice, and report compliance.

The FTC final Decision and Order required · Final Decision and Order pages 4-6, sections II-VI

The final Decision and Order is marked issued November 22, 2006, directs the core prohibition to apply forthwith, and states that the order shall terminate on November 22, 2016.

The FTC final Decision and Order states · Final Decision and Order pages 4 and 6, sections II and VII; issue line

The consent agreement states that the Decision and Order becomes final upon service and that delivery by specified means constitutes service; the reviewed public agreement PDF has unfilled signature-date blanks and does not contain a separately dated service receipt.

The FTC consent agreement states · Consent agreement pages 2-3, paragraphs 6-7 and signature blocks

What it does not establish

  • An agency merits finding, adjudicated liability, or an admission that the restraint, market, effect, or consumer-injury allegations were true.
  • Unlawful market control, criminal conduct, coordination on price, current policy, current conduct, current market power, present commission rates, consumer loss, damages, or overcharge.
  • Conduct or liability by the National Association of Realtors, any participant, member, broker, agent, board, affiliate, successor, website, trade association, or person.
  • An exact April adoption day, exact May implementation day, or an exact end to every act, effect, agreement, combination, or alleged violation described elsewhere in the complaint.
  • Completion, compliance, current policy, current corporate status, or the absence of any separate later policy or action.
  • Conduct or liability by a participant, member, broker, agent, board, affiliate, successor, trade association, or person.
  • That a proposed October order or complaint was final, issued, served, effective, adjudicated, or unchanged before the final November instruments were reviewed.
  • A merits finding, admission, compliance event, current conduct, or proposition about a separate respondent.
  • A shared action, identity, liability, or relationship among Information and Real Estate Services, Williamsburg Area Association of Realtors, Realtors Association of Northeast Wisconsin, Monmouth County Association of Realtors, and NNEREN.
  • An admission of a law violation, non-jurisdictional fact, competitive effect, market power, liability, damages, or wrongdoing.
  • An exoneration or finding that the complaint allegations were false; the matter ended by consent without a final merits determination.
  • Any current conduct, present policy, current compliance, or proposition about a separate institution or person.
  • That the ended provisions remain effective after November 22, 2016 or that any present policy or practice is unlawful.
  • Public data, open data, unrestricted listing access, a public API, or any right outside the order's participant and approved-website framework.
  • Completion of any required step, current compliance, monetary relief, or separate conduct or liability by any participant, member, broker, agent, affiliate, successor, website, trade association, or person.
  • That the November 22 issue date, the 061128 filename encoding, or the December 1 case-timeline date is an exact service or effective date.
  • That any order provision remains effective after the fixed termination date or that any present institution is bound by this historical order.
  • Current entity status, policy, conduct, compliance, market power, or the absence of a separate later enforcement, modification, appeal, or other proceeding.
  • An exact service date, exact effective date, or exact consent-signing date; the order issue, filename, and case-timeline dates are not substituted for service.
  • That the agreement PDF is a complete service, enforcement, modification, compliance, appellate, or corporate-status docket.
  • Proof that no later proceeding existed, a merits finding, an admission beyond jurisdictional facts, current order effect, present conduct, or compliance.
Receipt, dates, and official sources
Conduct period in the reviewed record
2005 to end not fixed
The final complaint states that the Web Site Policy was adopted in April 2005, implemented in May 2005, and rescinded on November 9, 2005, while the complaint's charging language says the respondent had violated and was violating the FTC Act. The consent did not adjudicate the exact start or end of all alleged conduct, so the policy-rescission date is not converted into an exact conduct end.
Complaint / filing date
2006-11-22
Decision / disposition date
2006-11-22
Effective date
Not identified in reviewed sources
The final Decision and Order is marked ISSUED November 22, 2006 and directs the core prohibition to apply forthwith, but the consent agreement states that finality occurs upon service. The four reviewed stable FTC PDFs do not include a separately dated service receipt, so the issue date, the 061128 filename encoding, and the December 1 case-timeline date are not substituted for an exact service or effective date.
Current-effect boundary
Section VII fixes termination on November 22, 2016. The four reviewed stable FTC PDFs and bounded exact FTC case, docket, and matter searches did not identify a separate later modification, enforcement, appeal, or termination instrument; that bounded source set is not proof that none existed. The terminated classification follows only the face of the order and establishes no present entity status, policy, conduct, compliance, market power, or absence of a separate later action.
Current-effect review date
2026-08-23
Termination date / earliest conditional date
2016-11-22
Relationship boundary
The action is attributed only to the exact respondent named in FTC Docket C-4175. The order's operative definitions do not establish separate conduct, findings, admissions, or liability for a predecessor, successor, division, subsidiary, affiliate, partnership, joint venture, or website. The order's remedial reach does not establish separate conduct, findings, admissions, or liability for a director, officer, employee, consultant, agent, representative, participant, member, broker, trade association, or person. The action-local legal name is not merged with a present-day institution, website, trade association, National Association of Realtors affiliate, or similarly named entity without a separate official identifier receipt.

Listing visibility restriction · C-4176

MONMOUTH COUNTY ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS, INC.

Trade association · exact named party · reviewed 2026-08-23

The FTC issued a complaint alleging that a historical MLS website policy restricted the public display of Exclusive Agency Listings and harmed competition and consumer choice. The consent admitted jurisdictional facts only, not a law violation or the truth of non-jurisdictional allegations. The final consent order imposed listing-treatment, rule-amendment, notice, and reporting provisions and states that it terminated on November 22, 2016.

Instrument
Final consent order
Merits basis
Allegations only · No merits resolution · No liability finding
Admission
Jurisdiction only
Effect
Terminated

Exact entity

I1 named party

Action ID

C-4176

Related: 051 0217

Official posture

No adverse finding classified

Adjudicated adverse

No · consent or non-adjudicated posture

Monetary remedy

None stated in the reviewed final instrument.

What the receipt supports

The FTC's final complaint alleged that a Web Site Policy adopted in October 2004 and then implemented prevented Exclusive Agency Listings from being published on approved websites and that the challenged policy restrained competition and may have reduced consumer choice.

The FTC's final complaint alleged · Final complaint pages 1 and 3-5, paragraphs 11-30

The FTC's final complaint states that MCAR's Board adopted the Web Site Policy in October 2004 and then implemented it, rescinded it on January 25, 2006, and notified participants by posting an announcement on February 1, 2006.

The FTC's final complaint states · Final complaint page 3, paragraph 11

The FTC's shared five-respondent analysis states that the proposed consent orders were placed on the public record for comment and that the Commission would later decide whether to withdraw or make them final; it also states that the analysis was not an official interpretation and did not modify the proposed instruments.

The FTC's shared public-comment analysis states · Shared analysis page 1, opening paragraphs and respondent list

The consent agreement states that the respondent admitted the draft complaint's jurisdictional facts, while the agreement was for settlement purposes only and did not admit that the law was violated or that non-jurisdictional complaint allegations were true.

The FTC consent agreement states · Consent agreement pages 1-2, paragraphs 2 and 5

The final order required the respondent to cease specified restrictions on participants' use of Exclusive Agency or other lawful listings, to avoid less advantageous MLS treatment based on listing type, and to amend rules, give notice, and report compliance.

The FTC final Decision and Order required · Final Decision and Order pages 4-6, sections II-VI

The final Decision and Order is marked issued November 22, 2006, directs the core prohibition to apply forthwith, and states that the order shall terminate on November 22, 2016.

The FTC final Decision and Order states · Final Decision and Order pages 4 and 6, sections II and VII; issue line

The consent agreement states that the Decision and Order becomes final upon service and that delivery by specified means constitutes service; the reviewed public agreement PDF has unfilled signature-date blanks and does not contain a separately dated service receipt.

The FTC consent agreement states · Consent agreement pages 2-3, paragraphs 6-7 and signature blocks

What it does not establish

  • An agency merits finding, adjudicated liability, or an admission that the restraint, market, effect, conspiracy, or consumer-injury allegations were true.
  • Unlawful market control, criminal conduct, coordination on price, current policy, current conduct, current market power, present commission rates, consumer loss, damages, or overcharge.
  • Conduct or liability by the National Association of Realtors, Monmouth/Ocean Multiple Listing Service, any participant, member, broker, agent, board, affiliate, successor, website, trade association, or person.
  • An exact October adoption day, any implementation date, or an exact end to every act, effect, agreement, combination, conspiracy, or alleged violation described elsewhere in the complaint.
  • Completion, compliance, current policy, current corporate status, or the absence of any separate later policy or action.
  • Conduct or liability by a participant, member, broker, agent, board, affiliate, successor, trade association, or person.
  • That a proposed October order or complaint was final, issued, served, effective, adjudicated, or unchanged before the final November instruments were reviewed.
  • A merits finding, admission, compliance event, current conduct, or proposition about a separate respondent.
  • A shared action, identity, liability, or relationship among Information and Real Estate Services, Northern New England Real Estate Network, Williamsburg Area Association of Realtors, Realtors Association of Northeast Wisconsin, and Monmouth.
  • An admission of a law violation, non-jurisdictional fact, competitive effect, market power, conspiracy, liability, damages, or wrongdoing.
  • An exoneration or finding that the complaint allegations were false; the matter ended by consent without a final merits determination.
  • Any current conduct, present policy, current compliance, or proposition about a separate institution or person.
  • That the ended provisions remain effective after November 22, 2016 or that any present policy or practice is unlawful.
  • Public data, open data, unrestricted listing access, a public API, or any right outside the order's participant and approved-website framework.
  • Completion of any required step, current compliance, monetary relief, or separate conduct or liability by the Monmouth/Ocean Multiple Listing Service, any participant, member, broker, agent, affiliate, successor, website, trade association, or person.
  • That the November 22 issue date or the 061128 filename encoding is an exact service or effective date.
  • That any order provision remains effective after the fixed termination date or that any present institution is bound by this historical order.
  • Current entity status, policy, conduct, compliance, market power, or the absence of a separate later enforcement, modification, appeal, or other proceeding.
  • An exact service date, exact effective date, or exact consent-signing date; the order issue and filename dates are not substituted for service.
  • That the agreement PDF is a complete service, enforcement, modification, compliance, appellate, or corporate-status docket.
  • Proof that no later proceeding existed, a merits finding, an admission beyond jurisdictional facts, current order effect, present conduct, or compliance.
Receipt, dates, and official sources
Conduct period in the reviewed record
October 2004 to end not fixed
The final complaint states that the Board adopted the Web Site Policy in October 2004 and that it was then implemented, rescinded it on January 25, 2006, and posted participant notice on February 1, 2006, while the complaint's charging language says the respondent had been and was acting to restrain trade. The October start is bounded to the dated adoption, not an inferred implementation date. The consent did not adjudicate the exact end of all alleged conduct or effects, so the policy-rescission date is not converted into an exact conduct end.
Complaint / filing date
2006-11-22
Decision / disposition date
2006-11-22
Effective date
Not identified in reviewed sources
The final Decision and Order is marked ISSUED November 22, 2006 and directs the core prohibition to apply forthwith, but the consent agreement states that finality occurs upon service. The four reviewed stable FTC PDFs do not include a separately dated service receipt, so the issue date and the 061128 filename encoding are not substituted for an exact service or effective date.
Current-effect boundary
Section VII fixes termination on November 22, 2016. The four reviewed stable FTC PDFs and bounded exact FTC case, docket, and matter searches did not identify a separate later modification, enforcement, appeal, or termination instrument; that bounded source set is not proof that none existed. The terminated classification follows only the face of the order and establishes no present entity status, policy, conduct, compliance, market power, or absence of a separate later action.
Current-effect review date
2026-08-23
Termination date / earliest conditional date
2016-11-22
Relationship boundary
The action is attributed only to the exact respondent identified in the opening paragraph of the final complaint in FTC Docket C-4176. The order's operative definitions do not establish separate conduct, findings, admissions, or liability for a predecessor, successor, division, subsidiary, affiliate, partnership, joint venture, Monmouth/Ocean Multiple Listing Service, or website. The order's remedial reach does not establish separate conduct, findings, admissions, or liability for a director, officer, committee, employee, consultant, agent, representative, participant, member, broker, trade association, or person. The action-local legal name is not merged with a present-day institution, multiple listing service, website, National Association of Realtors affiliate, or similarly named entity without a separate official identifier receipt.

Listing visibility restriction · C-4177

WILLIAMSBURG AREA ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS, INC.

Trade association · exact named party · reviewed 2026-08-23

The FTC issued a complaint alleging that a historical MLS website rule adopted in 2002 restrained competition and that adoption and publication discouraged Exclusive Agency Listings; the complaint framed pre-amendment enforcement conditionally rather than stating that it occurred. The consent admitted jurisdictional facts only. The final consent order imposed listing-treatment, amendment, notice, and reporting provisions and states that it terminated on November 22, 2016.

Instrument
Final consent order
Merits basis
Allegations only · No merits resolution · No liability finding
Admission
Jurisdiction only
Effect
Terminated

Exact entity

I1 named party

Action ID

C-4177

Related: 061 0268

Official posture

No adverse finding classified

Adjudicated adverse

No · consent or non-adjudicated posture

Monetary remedy

None stated in the reviewed final instrument.

What the receipt supports

The FTC's final complaint alleged that adopting and publishing a Web Site Policy approved in 2002 discouraged WMLS participants from accepting Exclusive Agency Listings and that the challenged policy restrained competition and injured consumers; the complaint described pre-amendment enforcement only conditionally.

The FTC's final complaint alleged · Final complaint pages 1 and 3-5, paragraphs 10-29

The FTC's final complaint states that WAAR adopted and approved the Web Site Policy in 2002, the WMLS Board amended it in June 2006 to make properties listed on an exclusive-agency basis eligible for IDX listing information, and WMLS participants were notified on June 23, 2006.

The FTC's final complaint states · Final complaint page 3, paragraph 10

The FTC's final complaint states that if the Web Site Policy had been enforced before its amendment, it would have prevented certain lawful listings from being transmitted to real estate websites; the complaint does not state that such enforcement occurred or identify an enforcement date.

The FTC's final complaint states · Final complaint page 3, paragraphs 10-11

The FTC's shared five-respondent analysis states that the proposed consent orders were placed on the public record for comment and that the Commission would later decide whether to withdraw or make them final; it also states that the analysis was not an official interpretation and did not modify the proposed instruments.

The FTC's shared public-comment analysis states · Shared analysis page 1, opening paragraphs and respondent list

The FTC's shared proposed-stage analysis states that WAAR did not appear to have implemented the Web Site Policy and that Exclusive Agency Listings had been included in IDX feeds before, during, and after the policy was in effect.

The FTC's shared proposed-stage analysis states · Shared analysis page 7, footnote 8

The consent agreement states that the respondent admitted the draft complaint's jurisdictional facts, while the agreement was for settlement purposes only and did not admit that the law was violated or that non-jurisdictional complaint allegations were true.

The FTC consent agreement states · Consent agreement pages 1-2, paragraphs 2 and 5

The final order required the respondent to cease specified restrictions on participants' use of Exclusive Agency or other lawful listings, to avoid less advantageous MLS treatment based on listing type, and to amend rules, give notice, maintain specified website access to the order, and report compliance.

The FTC final Decision and Order required · Final Decision and Order pages 4-6, sections II-VI

The final Decision and Order expresses its rule-amendment, participant-notice, website-display, website-accessibility, and compliance-report deadlines as intervals measured from the date the order becomes final, including 30 days, 90 days, five business days, six months, annual reporting, and five-year accessibility.

The FTC final Decision and Order states · Final Decision and Order pages 5-6, sections III, IV, and VI

The final Decision and Order is marked issued November 22, 2006, directs the core prohibition to apply forthwith, and states that the order shall terminate on November 22, 2016.

The FTC final Decision and Order states · Final Decision and Order pages 4 and 6, sections II and VII; issue line

The consent agreement states that the Decision and Order becomes final upon service and that delivery by specified means constitutes service; the reviewed public agreement PDF has unfilled signature-date blanks and does not contain a separately dated service receipt.

The FTC consent agreement states · Consent agreement pages 2-3, paragraphs 6-7 and signature blocks

What it does not establish

  • An agency merits finding, adjudicated liability, or an admission that the restraint, market, effect, combination, consumer-injury, adoption, publication, or amendment allegations were true.
  • That the policy was enforced, implemented, or applied to any listing; the action-specific complaint states only what would have occurred if pre-amendment enforcement had happened.
  • Unlawful market control, criminal conduct, price coordination, current policy or conduct, present market power or commissions, consumer loss, damages, or overcharge.
  • Conduct or liability by WMLS, NAR, any website, participant, member, broker, agent, board, affiliate, successor, trade association, or person.
  • An exact 2002 adoption day, an exact June amendment day, any enforcement or implementation date, or an exact end to every alleged act or effect.
  • That the amendment or notice occurred exactly as alleged, completed an order requirement, proved compliance, or ended every alleged effect.
  • Conduct, admission, finding, or liability by WMLS, its board, a participant, member, broker, agent, affiliate, successor, website, trade association, or person.
  • That the policy was enforced, implemented, applied to a listing, or caused a transmission denial.
  • That the policy was never enforced; the conditional wording leaves enforcement unestablished in the reviewed final complaint.
  • An enforcement start or end date, the identity of any affected listing or consumer, compliance, current conduct, or current policy.
  • Erasure of the separate complaint allegation that adoption and publication alone discouraged Exclusive Agency Listings.
  • That a proposed October order or complaint was final, issued, served, effective, adjudicated, or unchanged before the final November instruments were reviewed.
  • That aggregate phrases such as when implemented establish that Williamsburg enforced or implemented its rule; the action-specific final complaint uses conditional enforcement wording.
  • A merits finding, admission, compliance event, current conduct, or proposition about a separate respondent.
  • A shared action, identity, liability, or relationship among Williamsburg, IRES, NNEREN, RANW, and Monmouth.
  • An adjudicated finding that the policy was or was not implemented, enforced, or applied.
  • Proof that no listing was ever excluded or affected, that all IDX feeds were complete, or that every institution or participant complied.
  • An exoneration, merits ruling, admission, present policy, present conduct, current compliance, or proposition about a separate respondent.
  • An admission of a law violation, non-jurisdictional fact, competitive effect, market power, enforcement, liability, damages, or wrongdoing.
  • An exoneration or finding that the complaint allegations were false; the matter ended by consent without a final merits determination.
  • Any current conduct, present policy, current compliance, or proposition about a separate institution or person.
  • That the ended provisions remain effective after November 22, 2016 or that any present policy or practice is unlawful.
  • Public data, open data, unrestricted listing access, a public API, or any right outside the order's participant and approved-website framework.
  • Completion of any required step, current compliance, monetary relief, or separate conduct or liability by WMLS, NAR, any website, participant, member, broker, agent, affiliate, successor, trade association, or person.
  • Any exact amendment, notice, website, report, or accessibility calendar deadline without an exact service or finality date.
  • That a required act was performed, completed on time, violated, excused, modified, or enforced.
  • Current compliance, current website content or accessibility, current entity status, or current order effect.
  • That the November 22 issue date or the 061128 filename encoding is an exact service or effective date.
  • That any order provision remains effective after the fixed termination date or that any present institution is bound by this historical order.
  • Current entity status, policy, conduct, compliance, market power, or the absence of a separate later enforcement, modification, appeal, or other proceeding.
  • An exact service date, exact effective date, or exact consent-signing date; the order issue and filename dates are not substituted for service.
  • That the agreement PDF is a complete service, enforcement, modification, compliance, appellate, or corporate-status docket.
  • Proof that no later proceeding existed, a merits finding, an admission beyond jurisdictional facts, current order effect, present conduct, or compliance.
Receipt, dates, and official sources
Conduct period in the reviewed record
2002 to end not fixed
The final complaint alleges that WAAR adopted and approved the Web Site Policy in 2002 and that adoption and publication alone discouraged Exclusive Agency Listings, but describes pre-amendment enforcement only conditionally. It states that the WMLS Board amended the policy in June 2006 and participants were notified on June 23, 2006. The exact 2002 adoption date and any enforcement date are unstated; amendment and notice are not converted into proof of compliance or an exact conduct end.
Complaint / filing date
2006-11-22
Decision / disposition date
2006-11-22
Effective date
Not identified in reviewed sources
The final Decision and Order is marked ISSUED November 22, 2006 and directs the core prohibition to apply forthwith, but the consent agreement states that finality occurs upon service. The four reviewed stable FTC PDFs do not include a separately dated service receipt, so the issue date and the 061128 filename encoding are not substituted for an exact service or effective date.
Current-effect boundary
Section VII fixes termination on November 22, 2016. The four reviewed stable FTC PDFs and bounded exact FTC case, docket, and matter searches did not identify a separate later modification, enforcement, appeal, or termination instrument; that bounded source set is not proof that none existed. The terminated classification follows only the face of the order and establishes no present entity status, policy, conduct, compliance, market power, or absence of a separate later action.
Current-effect review date
2026-08-23
Termination date / earliest conditional date
2016-11-22
Relationship boundary
The action is attributed only to the exact respondent identified in the opening paragraph of the final complaint in FTC Docket C-4177. The complaint separately describes Williamsburg Multiple Listing Service, Inc. as a corporation whose stock WAAR owned and whose operations WAAR controlled; that description does not make WMLS a separately named respondent or establish separate findings, admissions, or liability. The order's definitions extend remedial reach to WMLS, the WAAR website, predecessors, subsidiaries, affiliates, licensees, successors, and assigns; that reach does not establish separate conduct, findings, admissions, or liability for any such institution or website. The order's remedial reach does not establish separate conduct, findings, admissions, or liability for a director, officer, committee, employee, consultant, agent, representative, participant, member, broker, trade association, or person. The action-local legal name is not merged with a present-day institution, multiple listing service, website, National Association of Realtors affiliate, or similarly named entity without a separate official identifier receipt.

Listing visibility restriction · C-4178

REALTORS ASSOCIATION OF NORTHEAST WISCONSIN, INC.

Trade association · exact named party · reviewed 2026-08-23

The FTC issued a complaint alleging that a historical MLS website rule adopted in 2001 withheld certain lawful listings from real estate websites and restrained competition. The consent admitted jurisdictional facts plus only the remedial facts in its attached draft complaint paragraph 10: an August 29, 2006 amendment and notice on or about August 31. It did not admit the alleged violation or other complaint allegations. The final consent order states that it terminated on November 22, 2016.

Instrument
Final consent order
Merits basis
Allegations only · No merits resolution · No liability finding
Admission
Partial admission
Effect
Terminated

Exact entity

I1 named party

Action ID

C-4178

Related: 061 0267

Official posture

No adverse finding classified

Adjudicated adverse

No · consent or non-adjudicated posture

Monetary remedy

None stated in the reviewed final instrument.

What the receipt supports

The FTC's final complaint alleged that a Web Site Policy adopted in 2001 had prevented certain lawful listings from being transmitted to real estate websites, discouraged Exclusive Agency Listings, restrained competition, and injured consumers.

The FTC's final complaint alleged · Final complaint pages 1 and 3-5, paragraphs 10-29

The consent agreement states that the respondent admitted the draft complaint's jurisdictional facts and all facts concerning remedial measures in paragraph 10, while expressly not admitting the alleged law violation or any other non-jurisdictional complaint allegation.

The FTC consent agreement states that the respondent admitted only · Consent agreement pages 1-2, paragraphs 2 and 5

Paragraph 10 of the FTC's proposed complaint attached by reference to the consent states that the RANW Board amended the Web Site Policy on August 29, 2006 to make properties listed on an exclusive-agency basis eligible for specified real estate websites and that participants were notified on or about August 31, 2006.

Paragraph 10 of the FTC's proposed complaint states · Proposed complaint page 3, paragraph 10; Matter 0610267 and Docket C-[blank]

Paragraph 10 of the FTC's final complaint alleges that RANW adopted and approved the Web Site Policy in 2001; the consent's partial admission of remedial measures does not include this alleged adoption fact.

Paragraph 10 of the FTC's final complaint alleges · Final complaint page 3, paragraph 10

The FTC's shared five-respondent analysis states that the proposed consent orders were placed on the public record for comment and that the Commission would later decide whether to withdraw or make them final; it also states that the analysis was not an official interpretation and did not modify the proposed instruments.

The FTC's shared public-comment analysis states · Shared analysis page 1, opening paragraphs and respondent list

The final order required the respondent to cease specified restrictions on participants' use of Exclusive Agency or other lawful listings, to avoid less advantageous MLS treatment based on listing type, and to amend rules, give notice, maintain specified website access to the order, and report compliance.

The FTC final Decision and Order required · Final Decision and Order pages 4-6, sections II-VI

The final Decision and Order expresses its rule-amendment, participant-notice, website-display, website-accessibility, and compliance-report deadlines as intervals measured from the date the order becomes final, including 30 days, 90 days, five business days, six months, annual reporting, and five-year accessibility.

The FTC final Decision and Order states · Final Decision and Order pages 5-6, sections III, IV, and VI

The final Decision and Order is marked issued November 22, 2006, directs the core prohibition to apply forthwith, and states that the order shall terminate on November 22, 2016.

The FTC final Decision and Order states · Final Decision and Order pages 4 and 6, sections II and VII; issue line

The consent agreement states that the Decision and Order becomes final upon service and that delivery by specified means constitutes service; the reviewed public agreement PDF has unfilled signature-date blanks and does not contain a separately dated service receipt.

The FTC consent agreement states · Consent agreement pages 2-3, paragraphs 6-7 and signature blocks

What it does not establish

  • An agency merits finding, adjudicated liability, or an admission that the alleged adoption, exclusion, restraint, market, effect, combination, consumer injury, or law violation was true.
  • Current policy or conduct, present market power or commissions, consumer loss, damages, refund, overcharge, criminal conduct, or price coordination.
  • Conduct or liability by RANW MLS, NAR, any website, participant, member, broker, agent, board, affiliate, successor, trade association, or person.
  • An admission of the alleged law violation, 2001 adoption, pre-amendment exclusion, market definition, market power, competitive effect, consumer injury, combination, conspiracy, liability, damages, or wrongdoing.
  • An agency merits finding, adjudication, exoneration, or finding that the remaining complaint allegations were true or false.
  • Any current conduct, present policy, current compliance, current institutional status or relationship, or proposition about a separate institution or person.
  • An exact August 31 notice date; the complaint says only on or about that date.
  • An admission of the alleged 2001 adoption, exclusion, market, effect, consumer-injury, combination, conspiracy, violation, or liability allegations.
  • That the amendment or notice completed an order requirement, proved compliance, ended every alleged effect, or states any present policy or conduct.
  • That the alleged 2001 adoption occurred, its exact date, wording, implementation, enforcement, effect, or legality.
  • An admission of adoption; the consent identifies jurisdictional and remedial facts only, and excludes other complaint allegations.
  • Current policy, present conduct, current market power, liability, consumer injury, damages, compliance, or conduct by another institution or person.
  • That a proposed October order or complaint was final, issued, served, effective, adjudicated, or unchanged before the final November instruments were reviewed.
  • An admission beyond the final consent's expressly bounded jurisdictional and remedial facts, a merits finding, current conduct, or compliance event.
  • A shared action, identity, liability, or relationship among RANW, IRES, NNEREN, Williamsburg, and Monmouth.
  • That the ended provisions remain effective after November 22, 2016 or that any present policy or practice is unlawful.
  • Public data, open data, unrestricted listing access, a public API, or any right outside the order's participant and approved-website framework.
  • Completion of any required step, current compliance, monetary relief, or separate conduct or liability by RANW MLS, NAR, any website, participant, member, broker, agent, affiliate, successor, trade association, or person.
  • Any exact amendment, notice, website, report, or accessibility calendar deadline without an exact service or finality date.
  • That a required act was performed, completed on time, violated, excused, modified, or enforced.
  • Current compliance, current website content or accessibility, current entity status, or current order effect.
  • That the November 22 issue date or the 061130 filename encoding is an exact service or effective date.
  • That any order provision remains effective after the fixed termination date or that any present institution is bound by this historical order.
  • Current entity status, policy, conduct, compliance, market power, or the absence of a separate later enforcement, modification, appeal, or other proceeding.
  • An exact service date, exact effective date, or exact consent-signing date; the order issue and filename dates are not substituted for service.
  • That the agreement PDF is a complete service, enforcement, modification, compliance, appellate, or corporate-status docket.
  • Proof that no later proceeding existed, a merits finding, an admission beyond the stated jurisdictional and remedial facts, current order effect, present conduct, or compliance.
Receipt, dates, and official sources
Conduct period in the reviewed record
2001 to 2006-08-29
The final complaint alleges a 2001 adoption and that the rule had prevented transmission of certain lawful listings. Paragraph 10 of the attached proposed complaint states the admitted remedial facts: the Board amended the policy on August 29, 2006 and participants were notified on or about August 31, 2006. The exact 2001 date is unstated. August 29 bounds only the challenged pre-amendment text; it is not proof that every alleged effect ended, notice fell on an exact day, or compliance occurred.
Complaint / filing date
2006-11-22
Decision / disposition date
2006-11-22
Effective date
Not identified in reviewed sources
The final Decision and Order is marked ISSUED November 22, 2006 and directs the core prohibition to apply forthwith, but the consent agreement states that finality occurs upon service. The five reviewed stable FTC PDFs do not include a separately dated service receipt, so the issue date and the 061130 filename encoding are not substituted for an exact service or effective date.
Current-effect boundary
Section VII fixes termination on November 22, 2016. The five reviewed stable FTC PDFs and bounded exact FTC case, docket, and matter searches did not identify a separate later modification, enforcement, appeal, or termination instrument; that bounded source set is not proof that none existed. The terminated classification follows only the face of the order and establishes no present entity status, policy, conduct, compliance, market power, or absence of a separate later action.
Partial-admission boundary
Consent paragraph 2 admits the jurisdictional facts and facts concerning remedial measures set forth in paragraph 10 of the draft complaint there described as attached. Paragraph 10 of the official proposed complaint states that the Board amended the Web Site Policy on August 29, 2006 and participants were notified on or about August 31, 2006. Consent paragraph 6 contemplates a later complaint corresponding in form and substance with that attached draft; it does not make the later final complaint the admission target. The final order preamble repeats the same narrow draft-complaint admission. Consent paragraph 5 and the final order preamble exclude an admission of the alleged law violation and all other non-jurisdictional allegations.
Not admitted: No admission that the law was violated, that liability or wrongdoing existed, or that any non-remedial allegation was true. No admission of the alleged 2001 adoption, actual pre-amendment exclusion, market definition, market power, competitive effect, consumer injury, combination, or conspiracy. No admission of an exact August 31 notice date, completed order compliance, present policy or conduct, current market power, or present institutional relationship. No separate admission or liability attribution to RANW MLS, NAR, a website, predecessor, division, subsidiary, affiliate, licensee, partnership, joint venture, successor, assign, or trade association. No separate admission or liability attribution to a board, owner, manager, director, officer, committee, employee, consultant, agent, representative, participant, member, broker, or person. This does not contradict the admitted paragraph-10 facts that the Board amended the policy and participants were notified.
Current-effect review date
2026-08-23
Termination date / earliest conditional date
2016-11-22
Relationship boundary
The action is attributed only to the exact respondent identified in the opening paragraph of the final complaint in FTC Docket C-4178. The complaint separately describes RANW Multiple Listing Service, Inc. as a corporation whose stock RANW owned and whose operations RANW controlled; that description does not make RANW MLS a separately named respondent or establish separate findings, admissions, or liability. The order definitions extend remedial reach to RANW MLS and websites, predecessors, divisions, subsidiaries, affiliates, licensees, partnerships, joint ventures, successors, and assigns; that reach does not establish their separate conduct, findings, admissions, or liability. The order definitions also reach boards, owners, managers, directors, officers, committees, employees, consultants, agents, representatives, participants, and members; that reach does not establish their separate conduct, findings, admissions, or liability. The action-local legal name is not merged with a present-day institution, multiple listing service, website, National Association of Realtors affiliate, or similarly named entity without a separate official identifier receipt.

Listing visibility restriction · C-4179

INFORMATION AND REAL ESTATE SERVICES, LLC

Multiple listing service · exact named party · reviewed 2026-08-23

The FTC issued a complaint alleging that a historical MLS website rule adopted in 2003 prevented certain lawful listings from being transmitted to approved real-estate websites, restrained competition, and harmed consumer choice. The consent admitted jurisdictional facts only, not a law violation or the truth of non-jurisdictional allegations. The final consent order states that it terminated on November 22, 2016.

Instrument
Final consent order
Merits basis
Allegations only · No merits resolution · No liability finding
Admission
Jurisdiction only
Effect
Terminated

Exact entity

I1 named party

Action ID

C-4179

Related: 061 0087

Official posture

No adverse finding classified

Adjudicated adverse

No · consent or non-adjudicated posture

Monetary remedy

None stated in the reviewed final instrument.

What the receipt supports

The FTC's final complaint alleged that a Web Site Policy adopted in 2003 prevented certain lawful listings, including Exclusive Agency Listings, from being transmitted to approved real-estate websites, discouraged their use, restrained competition, and injured consumers.

The FTC's final complaint alleged · Final complaint pages 1 and 3-5, paragraphs 10-29

The FTC's final complaint states that IRES adopted and approved the Web Site Policy in 2003, rescinded it in July 2006, and notified participants of the change on July 25, 2006.

The FTC's final complaint states · Final complaint page 3, paragraph 10

The FTC consent agreement states that the respondent admitted all jurisdictional facts in the attached draft complaint, while the agreement was for settlement purposes only and did not admit that the law was violated or that any non-jurisdictional complaint allegation was true.

The FTC consent agreement states · Consent agreement pages 1-2, paragraphs 2 and 5

The attached FTC draft complaint labels paragraphs 8 and 9 as JURISDICTION and describes IRES there as a limited liability company, while its caption calls the exact same named respondent a corporation.

The attached FTC draft complaint states · Draft complaint pages 1-2, caption, opening paragraph, and JURISDICTION paragraphs 8-9

The FTC's shared five-respondent analysis states that the proposed consent orders were placed on the public record for comment and that the Commission would later decide whether to withdraw or make them final; it also states that the analysis was not an official interpretation and did not modify the proposed instruments.

The FTC's shared public-comment analysis states · Shared analysis page 1, opening paragraphs and respondent list

The final order required the respondent to cease specified restrictions on participants' use of Exclusive Agency or other lawful listings, avoid less advantageous MLS treatment based on listing type, amend rules, give notice, maintain specified website access to the order, and report compliance.

The FTC final Decision and Order required · Final Decision and Order pages 4-6, sections II-VI

The final Decision and Order expresses its rule-amendment, participant-notice, website-display, website-accessibility, and compliance-report deadlines as intervals measured from the date the order becomes final, including 30 days, 90 days, five business days, six months, annual reporting, and five-year accessibility.

The FTC final Decision and Order states · Final Decision and Order pages 5-6, sections III, IV, and VI

The final Decision and Order is marked issued November 22, 2006, directs the core prohibition to apply forthwith, and states that the order shall terminate on November 22, 2016.

The FTC final Decision and Order states · Final Decision and Order pages 4 and 6, sections II and VII; issue line

The consent agreement states that the Decision and Order becomes final upon service and that delivery by specified means constitutes service; it separately says compliance begins from the date of signing, but the public signature-date fields are blank and no separately dated service receipt appears in the five reviewed stable PDFs.

The FTC consent agreement states · Consent agreement pages 2-3, paragraphs 6-7 and signature blocks

What it does not establish

  • An agency merits finding, adjudicated liability, or an admission that the alleged adoption, exclusion, restraint, market, effect, combination, consumer injury, or law violation was true.
  • Unlawful market control, criminal conduct, price coordination, current policy or conduct, present market power or commission rates, consumer loss, damages, refund, or overcharge.
  • Conduct or liability by IRES MLS, NAR, an IRES Website, an owner or member organization, a participant, subscriber, broker, agent, board, affiliate, successor, trade association, or person.
  • An exact 2003 adoption date, an exact July rescission date, or an exact end to every alleged act, effect, agreement, combination, or violation.
  • That the adoption, rescission, or notice occurred exactly as alleged, completed an order requirement, proved compliance, or states a current policy.
  • Conduct, admission, finding, or liability by IRES MLS, an owner, manager, participant, subscriber, member organization, broker, agent, affiliate, successor, website, trade association, or person.
  • An admission of the alleged 2003 adoption, listing exclusion, market definition, market power, competitive effect, consumer injury, rescission, notice, combination, conspiracy, law violation, liability, damages, or wrongdoing.
  • An exoneration or a finding that the remaining complaint allegations were false; the matter ended by consent without a final merits determination.
  • Any current conduct, present policy, current compliance, present entity status, or proposition about a separate institution or person.
  • That draft paragraphs 1-7 or 10-29 were jurisdictional, admitted, adjudicated, or true.
  • That the JURISDICTION heading is an exhaustive legal classification of every possible jurisdictional fact in the draft complaint.
  • A second respondent, a present legal form, a current entity identity, or a right to merge the action-local name with another institution.
  • An admission of conduct, market power, competitive effects, consumer injury, rescission, violation, liability, or wrongdoing.
  • That a proposed October order or complaint was final, issued, served, effective, adjudicated, or unchanged before the final November instruments were reviewed.
  • A merits finding, admission beyond jurisdictional facts, compliance event, current conduct, or proposition about a separate respondent.
  • A shared action, identity, liability, or relationship among IRES, NNEREN, RANW, Williamsburg, and Monmouth.
  • That the ended provisions remain effective after November 22, 2016 or that any present policy or practice is unlawful.
  • Public data, open data, unrestricted listing access, a public API, or any right outside the order's participant and approved-website framework.
  • Completion of a required step, current compliance, monetary relief, or separate conduct or liability by IRES MLS, an owner, manager, website, participant, subscriber, member organization, broker, agent, affiliate, successor, trade association, or person.
  • Any exact amendment, notice, website, report, or accessibility calendar deadline without an exact service or finality date.
  • That a required act was performed, completed on time, violated, excused, modified, or enforced.
  • Current compliance, current website content or accessibility, current entity status, or current order effect.
  • That the November 22 issue date or the 061201 URL filename encoding is an exact signing, service, finality, or effective date.
  • That any order provision remains effective after the fixed termination date or that any present institution is bound by this historical order.
  • Current entity status, policy, conduct, compliance, market power, or the absence of a separate later enforcement, modification, appeal, or other proceeding.
  • An exact consent-signing, service, finality, or effective date; the order issue and URL filename dates are not substituted.
  • That the five reviewed PDFs are a complete service, enforcement, modification, compliance, appellate, or corporate-status docket.
  • Proof that no later proceeding existed, a merits finding, an admission beyond jurisdictional facts, current order effect, present conduct, or compliance.
Receipt, dates, and official sources
Conduct period in the reviewed record
2003 to end not fixed
The final complaint alleges that IRES adopted and approved the Web Site Policy in 2003, rescinded it in July 2006, and notified participants on July 25, 2006. Those non-jurisdictional complaint statements were not admitted or adjudicated. The complaint also alleges effects and a violation in continuing language, so the July rescission and notice chronology is not converted into an exact end to every alleged act, effect, agreement, or violation, or into proof of compliance.
Complaint / filing date
2006-11-22
Decision / disposition date
2006-11-22
Effective date
Not identified in reviewed sources
The final Decision and Order is marked ISSUED November 22, 2006 and directs the core prohibition to apply forthwith, but the consent agreement states that finality occurs upon service and separately says compliance begins when the agreement is signed. The public agreement has unfilled signature-date blanks, and the five reviewed stable FTC PDFs do not include a separately dated service receipt. The issue date and the 061201 URL filename encoding are not substituted for an exact signing, service, finality, or effective date.
Current-effect boundary
Section VII fixes termination on November 22, 2016. The five reviewed stable FTC PDFs and bounded exact FTC case, docket, and matter searches did not identify a separate later modification, enforcement, appeal, or termination instrument; that bounded source set is not proof that none existed. The terminated classification follows only the face of the order and establishes no present entity status, policy, conduct, compliance, market power, or absence of a separate later action.
Current-effect review date
2026-08-23
Termination date / earliest conditional date
2016-11-22
Relationship boundary
The action is attributed only to the exact respondent identified by legal name in FTC Docket C-4179. The final complaint caption calls the respondent a corporation, while the complaint opening paragraph and final Decision and Order describe a limited liability company. The source discrepancy is preserved and is not independently resolved into a present entity status, a second entity, or a broader identity claim. The order definitions extend remedial reach to IRES MLS, IRES Websites, owners, managers, offices, predecessors, divisions, subsidiaries, affiliates, licensees, partnerships, joint ventures, successors, and assigns; that reach does not establish their separate conduct, findings, admissions, or liability. The order definitions also reach boards, associations, directors, officers, committees, employees, consultants, agents, representatives, participants, subscribers, members, brokers, and persons; that reach does not establish their separate conduct, findings, admissions, or liability. The action-local legal name is not merged with a present-day institution, website, trade association, National Association of Realtors affiliate, owner, member organization, or similarly named entity without a separate official identifier receipt.

Listing visibility restriction · C-4215

MULTIPLE LISTING SERVICE, INC.

Multiple listing service · exact named party · reviewed 2026-08-23

The FTC issued a complaint alleging that a historical website-listing policy restrained competition in southeastern Wisconsin. The respondent admitted jurisdictional facts only; the settlement did not admit a law violation or the truth of non-jurisdictional allegations, and the Commission expressly said it was not making a final merits determination. The final consent order imposed listing-treatment, rule-amendment, notice, and reporting provisions and states that it terminated on March 13, 2018.

Instrument
Final consent order
Merits basis
Allegations only · No merits resolution · No liability finding
Admission
Jurisdiction only
Effect
Terminated

Exact entity

I1 named party

Action ID

C-4215

Related: 061 0090

Official posture

No adverse finding classified

Adjudicated adverse

No · consent or non-adjudicated posture

Monetary remedy

None stated in the reviewed final instrument.

What the receipt supports

The FTC's final complaint alleged that a Web Site Policy adopted in 2001 withheld publication of Exclusive Agency Listings from approved real-estate websites and unreasonably restrained competition among residential real-estate brokers in the Southeast Wisconsin Area.

The FTC's final complaint alleged · Final complaint pages 1 and 3-5, paragraphs 10-29

The final complaint states that the Web Site Policy was rescinded in October 2006 and that participants were notified of the change on November 1, 2006.

The FTC's final complaint states · Final complaint page 3, paragraph 10

The consent agreement states that the respondent admitted the draft complaint's jurisdictional facts, while the agreement was for settlement purposes only and did not admit that the law was violated or that non-jurisdictional complaint allegations were true.

The FTC consent agreement states · Consent agreement pages 1-2, paragraphs 2 and 5

In its March 13, 2008 response explaining final approval of the consent, the Commission stated that it was not making a final determination on the merits and had instead reached the reason-to-believe threshold under Section 5.

The Commission's official response letter states · Commission response letter page 1, fourth substantive paragraph

The final order required the respondent to cease specified restrictions on participants' use of Exclusive Agency or other lawful listings, to avoid less advantageous MLS treatment based on listing type, and to amend its rules, give notice, and report compliance.

The FTC final Decision and Order required · Final Decision and Order pages 4-5, sections II-VI

The final Decision and Order is marked issued March 13, 2008, directs the core prohibition to apply forthwith, and states that the order shall terminate on March 13, 2018.

The FTC final Decision and Order states · Final Decision and Order pages 4 and 6, sections II and VII; issue line

The consent agreement states that the Decision and Order becomes final upon service and that delivery by specified means constitutes service; the reviewed public agreement PDF has unfilled signature-date blanks and does not contain a separately dated service receipt.

The FTC consent agreement states · Consent agreement pages 2-3, paragraphs 6-7 and signature blocks

What it does not establish

  • An agency merits finding, adjudicated liability, or admission that the competitive or market allegations were true.
  • Current policy, current conduct, current market power, current listing treatment, present commission rates, consumer loss, damages, or overcharge.
  • Conduct or liability by Metro MLS, any participant, member, broker, agent, website, affiliate, successor, trade association, or person.
  • The exact October rescission day, the implementation details of the change, or proof that the policy was absent in every practice after notice.
  • Current policy, current compliance, current corporate status, or the absence of any separate later policy or action.
  • Conduct or liability by a participant, member, broker, agent, affiliate, successor, trade association, or person.
  • An admission of a law violation, non-jurisdictional fact, competitive effect, market power, liability, damages, or wrongdoing.
  • An exoneration or finding that the complaint allegations were false; the matter ended by consent without a final merits determination.
  • Any current conduct, present policy, current compliance, or proposition about a separate institution or person.
  • A final agency finding that the complaint allegations were true, adjudicated liability, or an admission by the respondent.
  • That a reason-to-believe threshold is a merits finding, proof standard, or conclusion about a separate FTC matter.
  • Current conduct, current market power, consumer damages, or any proposition about an individual.
  • That the ended provisions remain effective after March 13, 2018 or that any present policy or practice is unlawful.
  • Public data, open data, unrestricted listing access, a public API, or any right outside the order's participant and approved-website framework.
  • Completion of any required step, current compliance, monetary relief, or separate conduct or liability by Metro MLS, any participant, member, broker, agent, affiliate, successor, website, or person.
  • That the March 13 issue date is an exact service or effective date; finality upon service is stated in the separate consent agreement.
  • That any order provision remains effective after the fixed termination date or that any present institution is bound by this historical order.
  • Current entity status, policy, conduct, compliance, market power, or the absence of a separate later enforcement, modification, or other proceeding.
  • An exact service date, exact effective date, or exact consent-signing date; the March 13 order issue date is not substituted for service.
  • That the agreement PDF is a complete service, enforcement, modification, compliance, appellate, or corporate-status docket.
  • Proof that no later proceeding existed, a merits finding, an admission beyond jurisdictional facts, current order effect, or present conduct.
Receipt, dates, and official sources
Conduct period in the reviewed record
2001 to 2006
The final complaint alleges that the Web Site Policy was adopted in 2001, rescinded in October 2006, and that participants were notified of the change on November 1, 2006. The complaint does not identify an exact adoption day or an exact October rescission day, and the consent record does not adjudicate those allegations.
Complaint / filing date
2008-03-13
Decision / disposition date
2008-03-13
Effective date
Not identified in reviewed sources
The final Decision and Order is marked ISSUED March 13, 2008 and orders the core prohibition forthwith, but the consent agreement states that finality occurs upon service. The four reviewed stable FTC PDF sources do not include a separately dated service receipt, so the exact effective date is not identified and the issue date is not substituted for service.
Current-effect boundary
Section VII fixes termination on March 13, 2018. The four reviewed stable FTC PDF sources do not include a separate later modification, enforcement, or termination instrument; that bounded source set is not proof that none existed. The terminated classification follows only the face of the order and establishes no present entity status, policy, conduct, compliance, market power, or absence of a separate later action.
Current-effect review date
2026-08-23
Termination date / earliest conditional date
2018-03-13
Relationship boundary
The action is attributed only to the exact respondent named in FTC Docket C-4215. The order's operative definition of Respondent does not establish separate conduct, findings, admissions, or liability for Metro MLS, any board, predecessor, successor, division, subsidiary, affiliate, licensee, partnership, joint venture, participant, member, broker, agent, representative, or person. The action-local legal name is not merged with a present-day institution, website, trade association, or similarly named entity without a separate official identifier receipt.

Alleged consumer deception · C-4777

OPENDOOR LABS INC.

Real-estate portal · exact named party · reviewed 2026-08-23

The FTC issued a final complaint alleging that historical marketing for an iBuyer home-purchase service misrepresented expected proceeds, offers, fees, and costs. The respondent admitted jurisdictional facts only and otherwise neither admitted nor denied the complaint allegations; the consent disposition did not adjudicate liability. The final order imposed advertising and substantiation provisions and ordered $62,000,000 in monetary relief. A later FTC annual report lists a separate $61,749,423.94 refund distribution, which is not represented as the ordered amount, an exact payment date, damages, or a current-conduct finding.

Instrument
Final consent order
Merits basis
Allegations only · No merits resolution · No liability finding
Admission
Jurisdiction only
Effect
Effective on the face of the reviewed instrument

Exact entity

I1 named party

Action ID

C-4777

Related: 192-3191

Official posture

No adverse finding classified

Adjudicated adverse

No · consent or non-adjudicated posture

Ordered monetary component

$62,000,000 ordered; not represented as paid

What the receipt supports

The FTC's final complaint alleged that historical representations about home-sale proceeds, market-value offers, fees, repairs, and traditional-sale costs were false or misleading and constituted unfair or deceptive practices under Section 5 of the FTC Act.

The FTC's final complaint alleged · Final complaint paragraphs 57-59 and Count I

The final Decision and Order states that the respondent neither admitted nor denied the complaint allegations except as specifically stated and admitted only the facts necessary to establish jurisdiction for this action.

The FTC final Decision and Order states · Decision and Order page 1, second introductory paragraph; findings 1-2

The final order prohibits specified misrepresentations about proceeds, savings, home values, repairs, and resale economics and requires competent and reliable evidence for representations about traditional-sale costs and the costs, savings, or financial benefits of a real-estate service.

The FTC final order requires · Decision and Order pages 2-3, Part I.A-C

Part II of the final order requires the respondent to pay $62,000,000 to the Commission within eight days of the order's effective date.

The FTC final order requires · Decision and Order page 3, Part II.A-B

Part IX states that the final order became effective upon publication on the FTC website and has a baseline twenty-year term from its October 19, 2022 issuance, subject to specified extension and tolling rules for a qualifying federal complaint alleging an order violation.

The FTC final order states · Decision and Order page 7, Part IX

The FTC's 2024 annual refund report lists an Opendoor distribution sent on April 3, 2024: $61,749,423.94 sent; 54,689 eligible consumers; and 48,890 consumers who cashed a payment to date, or 89.4 percent, as of December 31, 2024.

The FTC's 2024 annual refund report lists · 2024 FTC Annual Report on Refunds to Consumers PDF page 6 (printed page 5), Opendoor row; PDF page 4 (printed page 3), footnotes 2-3 and report-period cutoff as of December 31, 2024

What it does not establish

  • An agency merits adjudication, admitted truth of the non-jurisdictional allegations, or adjudicated liability.
  • Current advertising, current offers, current fees, current costs, current consumer outcomes, current compliance, damages, or a property-specific loss.
  • Any proposition about multiple listing service access, broker commissions, agent referrals, price fixing, a broader iBuyer market, another institution, or any person.
  • An admission of deception, non-jurisdictional facts, consumer loss, damages, law violation, liability, or wrongdoing.
  • An exoneration or a finding that the complaint allegations were false.
  • Current conduct, current compliance, or conduct or liability by an affiliate, successor, brokerage, multiple listing service, agent, consumer, property, or person.
  • That a prohibited representation occurred after order issuance, that the respondent violated the order, or that current compliance was reviewed.
  • A rule for every iBuyer, brokerage, portal, multiple listing service, agent, home sale, or property.
  • Any finding about commissions, referral payments, price fixing, title services, listing access, market concentration, or a person.
  • An exact payment date, a damages calculation, a consumer-loss total, a civil penalty, or an amount received by any particular consumer.
  • That the ordered amount equals the later amount sent, cashed, retained, or deposited to the Treasury.
  • A merits admission, current violation, current conduct, current financial condition, or liability by another institution or person.
  • An exact first-publication date from the two pinned PDFs, a fixed final termination date, or proof that no qualifying later complaint exists.
  • Current compliance, current advertising, current service terms, current entity status, or the absence of a later modification or enforcement action.
  • A finding that any future conduct violated the order or a proposition about another institution, property, consumer, or person.
  • An exact respondent payment date, that every sent payment was received or cashed, or that the sent amount equals the $62,000,000 ordered amount.
  • A total consumer-loss or damages measure, an amount attributable to any property or person, or a finding about consumers outside the eligible distribution population.
  • Current misconduct, current advertising, current compliance, liability by another institution, or a comparison with any other refund program.
Receipt, dates, and official sources
Conduct period in the reviewed record
Start not fixed to end not fixed
The final complaint describes advertising and offer practices using examples and internal analyses from several historical periods, including 2018 through 2020, but it does not supply one complete exact start-and-end interval. Complaint issuance is not substituted for a cessation date, and the record makes no current-conduct inference.
Complaint / filing date
2022-10-19
Decision / disposition date
2022-10-19
Effective date
Not identified in reviewed sources
Part IX states that the order became final and effective upon publication on the Commission's website as a final order. The stable final-package PDF is issued October 19, 2022, but the two pinned PDFs do not independently state the exact first-publication date; file metadata and a mutable case-page timeline are not substituted for a source-stable legal effective-date receipt.
Current-effect boundary
The order is publicly available as a final order and Part IX sets a baseline twenty-year term from its October 19, 2022 issuance, with possible later extension. The effective-on-face classification does not establish current compliance, current conduct, no later modification, or a fixed final termination date.
Current-effect review date
2026-08-23
Termination date / earliest conditional date
2042-10-19
Relationship boundary
The action is attributed only to the exact respondent named in FTC Docket C-4777. The order's operative language does not establish separate conduct, findings, admissions, or liability for any parent, affiliate, successor, marketplace participant, brokerage, multiple listing service, agent, employee, contractor, consumer, homeowner, property, or person. The action-local legal name is not merged with a current corporation, website, brand, successor, affiliate, or similarly named entity without a separate official identifier receipt.

What a percentage means in dollars

Fee percentages are hard to feel and easy to normalize. This calculator performs arithmetic on rates you choose. It supplies no default, “standard,” or market rate and makes no claim about who actually pays a component in a particular contract.

No rate is prefilled. Entered rates are a scenario only—not a customary, required, quoted, paid, legal, or market-average rate.

Coverage map—and the holes

A serious accountability resource shows what it cannot yet prove. Gaps stay visible until a source has an exact universe, identity, date, disposition, and interpretation boundary.

live

Final institutional actions

Exact legal entities joined to final agency or court instruments, dispositions, sources, and non-inference boundaries.

Next receipt: Add the next adjudicated MLS-access record after exact current-effect and appeal review.

queued

Commission and buyer-agreement rules

Versioned national and local rule texts, effective dates, adoption evidence, and supersession history kept separate from enforcement.

Next receipt: Pin the entered settlement instrument and exact effective rule text before describing post-2024 practice changes.

live

MLS access and listing visibility

Final antitrust orders and judgments involving access, search defaults, public feeds, discount listings, and nontraditional brokerage models.

Next receipt: Add the next exact, final MLS-access action only after resolving its legal entity, appeal posture, current effect, and bounded local market.

live

Referral incentives and affiliated services

Final RESPA and consumer-protection actions involving exact, documented exchanges of value and referral relationships.

Next receipt: Expand only with final institution-level orders; complaints and correlations remain excluded.

live

Closing-service competition

Final institution-level actions involving title, escrow, and other closing-service rate or access coordination, kept separate from fee measurements.

Next receipt: Add another exact closing-system institution only after a final disposition, appeal chain, current-effect boundary, and source-specific identity review.

live

Home-selling service advertising

Final institution-level orders involving claims about home-sale proceeds, offers, fees, costs, and service comparisons, with complaint allegations separated from operative order text.

Next receipt: Add another exact home-selling service only after finality, admission posture, monetary-status, current-effect, and no-propagation review.

gap

Transaction-cost measurements

Comparable fee measurements require a documented universe, geography, period, denominator, and separate buyer/seller components.

Next receipt: Locate a current primary dataset that measures actual paid brokerage fees without treating advertised or scenario rates as transaction facts.

live

Title-agent and closing economics

Hash-bound Texas Department of Insurance report snapshots expose aggregate title-agent income, expense, policy-count, reporting-category, county-premium, and source-reconciliation measurements without institution or person rows.

Next receipt: Resolve the official precedence rule for prior-year rows repeated in later TDI workbooks and locate an exact organization-type crosswalk before any institution-level projection.

live

National employer-industry structure

Hash-bound U.S. Census Bureau Economic Census aggregates show 2017/2022 industry scale, 2022 firm concentration, employer size and legal-form distributions, and NAPCS product/service measures for NAICS 531210 and 541191 without firm, establishment, person, property, or transaction identities.

Next receipt: Add another official aggregate vintage only after preserving its NAICS basis, employer-universe boundary, source flags, imputation bands, revision status, and nonadditive product hierarchy.

queued

Lobbying and political spending

Official Senate LDA and FEC organization-level filings can document activity and amounts but never prove purchased policy or improper influence.

Next receipt: Resolve exact filer and client identities before any organization-level aggregation.

gap

State institutional licensing actions

State systems differ and frequently mix people with firms; only exact institution-level final actions belong in the atlas.

Next receipt: Map state sources that expose stable firm identifiers and final dispositions without person-level leakage.

gap

Market structure and ownership

MLS ownership, membership, data-feed, portal, and brokerage relationships require official governance records and defined local markets.

Next receipt: Build a relationship schema that cannot propagate liability or turn concentration into a conclusion about unlawful market control.

Built for agents, journalists, and researchers

The page and machine files come from the same generated atlas. The measurement feed keeps Texas title-agent snapshots and national Economic Census rows in separate dataset families. The empty rule feed remains an explicit coverage gap, not a claim that no rules exist.

The interpretation contract

The structured atlas and machine exports are institution-only by design. They contain no individual licensees, people, consumers, contacts, street addresses, transaction rows, fuzzy entity matches, or reputation scores. Official source documents remain governed by their publishers.